{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/111971"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/111971","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Estimation of Runway Throughput with Reduced Wake Separation, Runway Optimization, and Runway Occupancy Time Consideration","abstract":"This thesis estimates potential runway throughput gains using a reduced wake separation based on the 123 most prevalent aircraft in the United States fleet. The analysis considers Runway Occupancy Time (ROT) constraint factors and existing geometric design factors. This research extracts the historic data from Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) for analysis. The Runway Exit Design Interactive Model (REDIM) is used to optimize the runway exit locations and reduce ROT. The runway throughput and safety factors are generated from a Monte Carlo runway simulator. This thesis focuses on selected US airport runways that could benefit from geometric optimization. The study aims to estimate ROT improvements through improved runway exit locations and the changes in runway throughput considering ROT constraint factors. The results of the thesis show that Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) runway 35C and Denver International Airport (DEN) runway 16R have the potential to improve the ROT. After the optimization to locate runway exits, the ROT time of the RECAT group F and G aircraft (greater than 90% of the arrivals) was reduced by three to five seconds (a very significant effect). After the ROT reductions and with the application of reduced wake separation criteria with the ROT constraint factor applied, the arrival-only capacity of DFW runway 35C improved by 3.5 arrivals per hour. The arrival-only capacity on DEN runway 16R improved by 2.14 arrivals per hour. Both runways maintained a probability of violation between time-based separation and ROT time at around 1.5%. The study concludes that the application of reduced wake separation criteria alone is a necessary but insufficient condition to improve the efficiency of arrival runways. Through careful improvements of runway exit locations, reductions in ROT provide reliability and efficiency to the operation of runways.","abstract_html":"This thesis estimates potential runway throughput gains using a reduced wake separation based on the 123 most prevalent aircraft in the United States fleet. The analysis considers Runway Occupancy Time (ROT) constraint factors and existing geometric design factors. This research extracts the historic data from Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) for analysis. The Runway Exit Design Interactive Model (REDIM) is used to optimize the runway exit locations and reduce ROT. The runway throughput and safety factors are generated from a Monte Carlo runway simulator. This thesis focuses on selected US airport runways that could benefit from geometric optimization. The study aims to estimate ROT improvements through improved runway exit locations and the changes in runway throughput considering ROT constraint factors. The results of the thesis show that Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) runway 35C and Denver International Airport (DEN) runway 16R have the potential to improve the ROT. After the optimization to locate runway exits, the ROT time of the RECAT group F and G aircraft (greater than 90% of the arrivals) was reduced by three to five seconds (a very significant effect). After the ROT reductions and with the application of reduced wake separation criteria with the ROT constraint factor applied, the arrival-only capacity of DFW runway 35C improved by 3.5 arrivals per hour. The arrival-only capacity on DEN runway 16R improved by 2.14 arrivals per hour. Both runways maintained a probability of violation between time-based separation and ROT time at around 1.5%. The study concludes that the application of reduced wake separation criteria alone is a necessary but insufficient condition to improve the efficiency of arrival runways. Through careful improvements of runway exit locations, reductions in ROT provide reliability and efficiency to the operation of runways.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Li, Beichen"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Trani, Antonio A."],"committee_members":["Heaslip, Kevin Patrick","Wang, Linbing"],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-09-22","date_published":"2022-09-22","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:03Z","subjects":["NextGen","RECAT Separation","Runway Throughput","Safety Factor","Runway Exit","Runway Optimization","Runway Occupancy Time","Simulation Model","Wake Turbulence"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:35519"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:35519","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111971","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Trani, Antonio A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Heaslip, Kevin Patrick","Wang, Linbing"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Li, Beichen"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2022-09-23T08:00:09Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-09-23T08:00:09Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2022-09-22"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["NextGen","RECAT Separation","Runway Throughput","Safety Factor","Runway Exit","Runway Optimization","Runway Occupancy Time","Simulation Model","Wake Turbulence"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:35519"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111971"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This thesis estimates potential runway throughput gains using a reduced wake separation based on the 123 most prevalent aircraft in the United States fleet. The analysis considers Runway Occupancy Time (ROT) constraint factors and existing geometric design factors. This research extracts the historic data from Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) for analysis. The Runway Exit Design Interactive Model (REDIM) is used to optimize the runway exit locations and reduce ROT. The runway throughput and safety factors are generated from a Monte Carlo runway simulator. This thesis focuses on selected US airport runways that could benefit from geometric optimization. The study aims to estimate ROT improvements through improved runway exit locations and the changes in runway throughput considering ROT constraint factors. The results of the thesis show that Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) runway 35C and Denver International Airport (DEN) runway 16R have the potential to improve the ROT. After the optimization to locate runway exits, the ROT time of the RECAT group F and G aircraft (greater than 90% of the arrivals) was reduced by three to five seconds (a very significant effect). After the ROT reductions and with the application of reduced wake separation criteria with the ROT constraint factor applied, the arrival-only capacity of DFW runway 35C improved by 3.5 arrivals per hour. The arrival-only capacity on DEN runway 16R improved by 2.14 arrivals per hour. Both runways maintained a probability of violation between time-based separation and ROT time at around 1.5%. The study concludes that the application of reduced wake separation criteria alone is a necessary but insufficient condition to improve the efficiency of arrival runways. Through careful improvements of runway exit locations, reductions in ROT provide reliability and efficiency to the operation of runways."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstractgeneral","label":"General Abstract","values":["This thesis estimates potential runway throughput gains using a reduced wake separation based on the 123 most prevalent aircraft in the United States fleet. The analysis considers Runway Occupancy Time (ROT) constraint factors and existing geometric design factors. This research extracts the historic data from Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) for analysis. The Runway Exit Design Interactive Model (REDIM) is used to optimize the runway exit locations and reduce ROT. The runway throughput and safety factors are generated from a Monte Carlo runway simulator. This thesis focuses on selected US airport runways that could benefit from geometric optimization. The study aims to estimate ROT improvements through improved runway exit locations and the changes in runway throughput considering ROT constraint factors. The results of the thesis show that Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) runway 35C and Denver International Airport (DEN) runway 16R have the potential to improve the ROT. After the optimization to locate runway exits, the ROT time of the RECAT group F and G aircraft (greater than 90% of the arrivals) was reduced by three to five seconds (a very significant effect). After the ROT reductions and with the application of reduced wake separation criteria with the ROT constraint factor applied, the arrival-only capacity of DFW runway 35C improved by 3.5 arrivals per hour. The arrival-only capacity on DEN runway 16R improved by 2.14 arrivals per hour. Both runways maintained a probability of violation between time-based separation and ROT time at around 1.5%. The study concludes that the application of reduced wake separation criteria alone is a necessary but insufficient condition to improve the efficiency of arrival runways. Through careful improvements of runway exit locations, reductions in ROT provide reliability and efficiency to the operation of runways."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Estimation of Runway Throughput with Reduced Wake Separation, Runway Optimization, and Runway Occupancy Time Consideration"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Trani, Antonio A."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Heaslip, Kevin Patrick","Wang, Linbing"],"dc:contributor.department":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Li, Beichen"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2022-09-23T08:00:09Z"],"dc:date.available":["2022-09-23T08:00:09Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2022-09-22"],"dc:description.abstract":["This thesis estimates potential runway throughput gains using a reduced wake separation based on the 123 most prevalent aircraft in the United States fleet. The analysis considers Runway Occupancy Time (ROT) constraint factors and existing geometric design factors. This research extracts the historic data from Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) for analysis. The Runway Exit Design Interactive Model (REDIM) is used to optimize the runway exit locations and reduce ROT. The runway throughput and safety factors are generated from a Monte Carlo runway simulator. This thesis focuses on selected US airport runways that could benefit from geometric optimization. The study aims to estimate ROT improvements through improved runway exit locations and the changes in runway throughput considering ROT constraint factors. The results of the thesis show that Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) runway 35C and Denver International Airport (DEN) runway 16R have the potential to improve the ROT. After the optimization to locate runway exits, the ROT time of the RECAT group F and G aircraft (greater than 90% of the arrivals) was reduced by three to five seconds (a very significant effect). After the ROT reductions and with the application of reduced wake separation criteria with the ROT constraint factor applied, the arrival-only capacity of DFW runway 35C improved by 3.5 arrivals per hour. The arrival-only capacity on DEN runway 16R improved by 2.14 arrivals per hour. Both runways maintained a probability of violation between time-based separation and ROT time at around 1.5%. The study concludes that the application of reduced wake separation criteria alone is a necessary but insufficient condition to improve the efficiency of arrival runways. Through careful improvements of runway exit locations, reductions in ROT provide reliability and efficiency to the operation of runways."],"dc:description.abstractgeneral":["This thesis estimates potential runway throughput gains using a reduced wake separation based on the 123 most prevalent aircraft in the United States fleet. The analysis considers Runway Occupancy Time (ROT) constraint factors and existing geometric design factors. This research extracts the historic data from Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) for analysis. The Runway Exit Design Interactive Model (REDIM) is used to optimize the runway exit locations and reduce ROT. The runway throughput and safety factors are generated from a Monte Carlo runway simulator. This thesis focuses on selected US airport runways that could benefit from geometric optimization. The study aims to estimate ROT improvements through improved runway exit locations and the changes in runway throughput considering ROT constraint factors. The results of the thesis show that Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) runway 35C and Denver International Airport (DEN) runway 16R have the potential to improve the ROT. After the optimization to locate runway exits, the ROT time of the RECAT group F and G aircraft (greater than 90% of the arrivals) was reduced by three to five seconds (a very significant effect). After the ROT reductions and with the application of reduced wake separation criteria with the ROT constraint factor applied, the arrival-only capacity of DFW runway 35C improved by 3.5 arrivals per hour. The arrival-only capacity on DEN runway 16R improved by 2.14 arrivals per hour. Both runways maintained a probability of violation between time-based separation and ROT time at around 1.5%. The study concludes that the application of reduced wake separation criteria alone is a necessary but insufficient condition to improve the efficiency of arrival runways. Through careful improvements of runway exit locations, reductions in ROT provide reliability and efficiency to the operation of runways."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["vt_gsexam:35519"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111971"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["NextGen","RECAT Separation","Runway Throughput","Safety Factor","Runway Exit","Runway Optimization","Runway Occupancy Time","Simulation Model","Wake Turbulence"],"dc:title":["Estimation of Runway Throughput with Reduced Wake Separation, Runway Optimization, and Runway Occupancy Time Consideration"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:03Z"}