{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/101226"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/101226","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Hydroseeding pine-grass-legume mixtures for erosion control and reforestation of mine spoils","abstract":"Growth and mycorhizal colonization of surface-seeded pine (Pinus spp.) as affected by two mine-spoil types (siltstone and sandstone), two fertilizer levels (control and 100 kg/ha each of N, P, and K), and three mycorrhizal inoculation treatments (control, 56 kg/ha pine litter, and 250g/ha Pisolithus tinctorius spores) were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. The effects of four nurse crops and three fertilizer levels on ground cover, spoil erosion, and establishment of hydroseeded pines on a recontoured strip-mine in southwestern Virginia were also studied. In the greenhouse experiment, germination was highest (12, 55, and 34% for P. strobus, P. virginiana, and P. taeda, respectively) in non-fertilized siltstone, but survival was highest (85, 100, and 95% for the same species) in non-fertilized sandstone. Seedlings grown in fertilized sandstone had significantly higher stern and root biomass than those Mycorrhizal in any other inoculation spoil and treatments sandstone but not in siltstone spoil. In the field experiment, use fertilizer combination. were effective in of a nurse crop significantly increased ground cover over the controls, but the addition of a nurse crop or fertilizer resulted in a decrease in pine establishment of at least 46%. The only nurse crop to obtain the minimum 75% ground cover required by law was a Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, and Lotus corniculatus mixture which, at 60 kg N/ha, reduced spoil erosion by about 70% over the controls while still allowing the establishment of 6,000 trees/ha.","abstract_html":"Growth and mycorhizal colonization of surface-seeded pine (Pinus spp.) as affected by two mine-spoil types (siltstone and sandstone), two fertilizer levels (control and 100 kg/ha each of N, P, and K), and three mycorrhizal inoculation treatments (control, 56 kg/ha pine litter, and 250g/ha Pisolithus tinctorius spores) were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. The effects of four nurse crops and three fertilizer levels on ground cover, spoil erosion, and establishment of hydroseeded pines on a recontoured strip-mine in southwestern Virginia were also studied. In the greenhouse experiment, germination was highest (12, 55, and 34% for P. strobus, P. virginiana, and P. taeda, respectively) in non-fertilized siltstone, but survival was highest (85, 100, and 95% for the same species) in non-fertilized sandstone. Seedlings grown in fertilized sandstone had significantly higher stern and root biomass than those Mycorrhizal in any other inoculation spoil and treatments sandstone but not in siltstone spoil. In the field experiment, use fertilizer combination. were effective in of a nurse crop significantly increased ground cover over the controls, but the addition of a nurse crop or fertilizer resulted in a decrease in pine establishment of at least 46%. The only nurse crop to obtain the minimum 75% ground cover required by law was a Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, and Lotus corniculatus mixture which, at 60 kg N/ha, reduced spoil erosion by about 70% over the controls while still allowing the establishment of 6,000 trees/ha.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Preve, Ricardo E."],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Forestry","degree_department":"Forestry","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1983,"date_issued":"1983","date_published":"1983","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:03Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101226","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Forestry"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Preve, Ricardo E."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2020-12-14T16:34:54Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2020-12-14T16:34:54Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1983"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Forestry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101226"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Growth and mycorhizal colonization of surface-seeded pine (Pinus spp.) as affected by two mine-spoil types (siltstone and sandstone), two fertilizer levels (control and 100 kg/ha each of N, P, and K), and three mycorrhizal inoculation treatments (control, 56 kg/ha pine litter, and 250g/ha Pisolithus tinctorius spores) were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. The effects of four nurse crops and three fertilizer levels on ground cover, spoil erosion, and establishment of hydroseeded pines on a recontoured strip-mine in southwestern Virginia were also studied. In the greenhouse experiment, germination was highest (12, 55, and 34% for P. strobus, P. virginiana, and P. taeda, respectively) in non-fertilized siltstone, but survival was highest (85, 100, and 95% for the same species) in non-fertilized sandstone. Seedlings grown in fertilized sandstone had significantly higher stern and root biomass than those Mycorrhizal in any other inoculation spoil and treatments sandstone but not in siltstone spoil. In the field experiment, use fertilizer combination. were effective in of a nurse crop significantly increased ground cover over the controls, but the addition of a nurse crop or fertilizer resulted in a decrease in pine establishment of at least 46%. The only nurse crop to obtain the minimum 75% ground cover required by law was a Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, and Lotus corniculatus mixture which, at 60 kg N/ha, reduced spoil erosion by about 70% over the controls while still allowing the establishment of 6,000 trees/ha."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Hydroseeding pine-grass-legume mixtures for erosion control and reforestation of mine spoils"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Forestry"],"dc:creator":["Preve, Ricardo E."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2020-12-14T16:34:54Z"],"dc:date.available":["2020-12-14T16:34:54Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1983"],"dc:description.abstract":["Growth and mycorhizal colonization of surface-seeded pine (Pinus spp.) as affected by two mine-spoil types (siltstone and sandstone), two fertilizer levels (control and 100 kg/ha each of N, P, and K), and three mycorrhizal inoculation treatments (control, 56 kg/ha pine litter, and 250g/ha Pisolithus tinctorius spores) were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. The effects of four nurse crops and three fertilizer levels on ground cover, spoil erosion, and establishment of hydroseeded pines on a recontoured strip-mine in southwestern Virginia were also studied. In the greenhouse experiment, germination was highest (12, 55, and 34% for P. strobus, P. virginiana, and P. taeda, respectively) in non-fertilized siltstone, but survival was highest (85, 100, and 95% for the same species) in non-fertilized sandstone. Seedlings grown in fertilized sandstone had significantly higher stern and root biomass than those Mycorrhizal in any other inoculation spoil and treatments sandstone but not in siltstone spoil. In the field experiment, use fertilizer combination. were effective in of a nurse crop significantly increased ground cover over the controls, but the addition of a nurse crop or fertilizer resulted in a decrease in pine establishment of at least 46%. The only nurse crop to obtain the minimum 75% ground cover required by law was a Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, and Lotus corniculatus mixture which, at 60 kg N/ha, reduced spoil erosion by about 70% over the controls while still allowing the establishment of 6,000 trees/ha."],"dc:description.degree":["M.S."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101226"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Hydroseeding pine-grass-legume mixtures for erosion control and reforestation of mine spoils"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Forestry"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:03Z"}