Tautos, kultūros ir religijos santykio problema S. Šalkauskio ir A. Maceinos filosofijoje /
Since the appearance of the nation state the conflict emerged between it and the Christianity. This is due to the nature of the nation state which requires full loyalty of the person just like Christianity does and it posed a challenge to religion. In the light of the recent events in the European Union it could be said that the Union realizes the inefficiency of its identity forming policy and seeks to find another base to develop a united Unions’ identity. So a switch is made in the academic area from the focus on economic policies to the cultural heritage. The latter is being described as a common European virtues and culture that formed and defines the European and Western civilization. These include European law system, democracy and Christianity as its most important features. The strengthening of the European identity that claims to be the alternative entity to the nation state automatically result in the weakening of the loyalty to the latter. Christianity’s use in this kind of politics suggests the renewed conflict between nation and religion. The subject of this work is the presentation of Lithuanian philosophers S. Šalkauskis and A. Maceina that discussed the relation between nation and religion. The work’s aim is to present their efforts to find an optimal option to this troublesome relationship that either subjugates religion to nation states’ aims or uses religion to reduce the influence of nation state and to compare philosopher’s views on these issues as they not much but differed. For this work several tasks are set: - to analyze the nature’s, culture’s and religion’s relation in S. Šalkauskis and A. Maceina philosophy in order to discuss culture’s, which is expressible only though ethnic individuality, finalization in religion. - to present philosopher’s views towards the conflict between nation and religion and to analyze their model of nation’s and religion’s coexistence and mutual dependence. - to introduce S. Šalkauskis and A. Maceina thoughts on how the tie between the two enables both the nation and religion to fulfill its essence. Study argues that even though there are some differences between the thoughts of S. Šalkauskis and A. Maceina their attitudes towards the issue are very similar and related. The philosophers argue that nation and religion are inseparably related as nation has its own finalization in religion and it shapes its ethnic ideal according to the universal values that are derived from religion. Furthermore, nation allows its members to act in religion by providing him with nation’s ethnic form. So religion can play a part in religion and humanity only with the form of ethnic individuality, without the individualities of the nation’s religion would lose its essence and its values would be unreachable. Having this in mind nation and religion are obliged to maintain a healthy relation that should be based on strong ethnic individuality whose basis would be universal cultural content that expresses the highest religion’s ideals.
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