Trys džihadizmo ideologijos bangos. Lyginamoji analizė /

This thesis examines three ideologies of modern jihadism in the Middle East and North Africa. The analysis is based upon assumption that the jihadism caused three waves in the last century: the first one started with Iranian revolution in 1979, jihadis fought local secular regimes; second, far enemy orientated jihad with organizations like Al-Qaeda and; contemporary jihad that started after Arab Spring. The second assumption is that jihad is periodic and lasts about one generation. Finally, that a new wave is stronger than the last one. After 9/11 the world‘s most powerful countries started investing billions to national security, prevention of terrorism and armament development. The armies of democratic countries were sent to the region after terror attacks, unfortunately jihad renewed and gained new forms of violence. With each wave jihadism becomes more extreme and violent, but more and more people join it. In this article I argue that the most significant element in forming the jihad movements was ideology. The aim of this thesis is to identify the major differences between jihad ideologies and to reveal the value that ideology has upon renewal. In order to achieve this thesis is built up to: 1. Define jihadism as an ideology; 2. Review an impact of ideology in social movements; 3. Prepare variables for a comparative analysis of ideologies; 4. Compare three jihad ideologies. Detect major elements that have changed; 5. Find out how ideology can explain a renewal of jihad ideology and what it cannot explain. Conclusions propose the differences in four ideological dimensions: values, socialization system (what encourages new member to join jihad), enemy naming and declared Jihad targets. Most of the declared things show similarities e.g., values and aim of creating an Islamic state and Caliphate. The most significant notable paradox is that jihad becomes more radical and at the same time it afflicts more Muslims than far enemies, but nevertheless it expands and achieves more power in the global arena. This thesis demonstrates the importance of ideology in social movements. In case case of jihad ideology is being used to mobilize pious Muslims to fight together in a struggle against the entire world. Jihad ideology is extraordinary because most of the political and social movements are politically motivated, jihadism, on the contrary, seeks religion-related targets. Finally, ideology cannot explain everything but it has a crucial role in social movements and this paperwork reveals its role in modern jihadism.

Grantor dc:publisher

Institutional Repository of Vilnius University

Year dc:date

2016

Author dc:creator

• Skinderskytė, Elona,

Contributors dc:contributor

• Petronytė, Ieva

Statement dc:rights

• info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Language dc:language

lit

Repository record dc:identifier

https://repository.vu.lt/VU:ELABAETD35558309&prefLang=en_US

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:vu.lt:elaba:35558309