{"id":{"repo_id":"venda","oai_identifier":"oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:123456789/2701"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/venda/oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:123456789/2701","repository":{"repo_id":"venda","name":"University of Venda","base_url":"https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Implementation constraints of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements: A case of Mopani District, South Africa","abstract":"The implementation of spatial planning tools to influence the distribution of people and activities on different scales and locations worldwide is often hindered by several constraints. Despite the constraints, and as the world is incessantly exposed to disaster risks, spatial planning tools remain cardinal to reducing disaster risks, particularly in informal settlements since they seek to promote effective planning for safe environments. It is therefore imperative that structured and decisive implementation of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements is an action, and urgent priority focus area. The problem is that Mopani District lacks an integrated implementation spatial planning framework for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the implementation constraints of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa. The objectives of the study were to (i) analyse the nature of disaster risks in informal settlements; (ii) examine spatial planning drivers of disaster risks in informal settlements; (iii) analyse the constraints of implementing spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction and (iv) propose a spatial planning framework for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District. A pragmatic paradigm philosophical approach, supplemented by a mixed research approach and a case study strategy, underpinned the study methodology. The sample size of the study consisted of 608 household respondents and 87 experts. The sampling procedures adopted in this study included multistage, purposive convenience sampling and stratified proportionate sampling methods that resulted in proportional household distribution of the sample in the 15 informal settlements in the following Municipalities: Greater Giyani (117 household respondents), Greater Tzaneen (58 household respondents) and Ba-Phalaborwa (433 household respondents) and 87 experts from the municipalities and other related government sectors as key informants. The primary data sources for the study included spatial planning disaster risk reduction and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) pairwise questionnaires, key experts, and telephone interviews, mapping, and observations. Secondary data sources included institutional documents, textbooks, library databases and internet. Quantitative data analysis was aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive statistics and vulnerability analysis to determine the nature and level of disaster risks. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) were employed to determine spatial planning disaster risk drivers. The use of Expert choice and Microsoft Excel software were applied in the SWOT-TOWS Analytical Hierarchical Process to determine the constraints of implementing spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements and generated strategies that guided the development of an integrated framework for implementation of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic data analysis guided by deductive and semantic approaches within the range of the critical spatial planning and disaster risk theoretical framework. Besides, Lefebvre, vulnerability, resilience, and systems theories were used to holistically envision informal settlements as interactive elements to inform the development of an integrated implementation spatial planning framework. The findings of the study provide the following contributions to knowledge on implementation constraints of spatial planning tools in informal settlements: (i). Maps showing the nature of disaster risks in informal settlements in extremely high hazard areas, (ii). Spatial planning disaster risk drivers in informal settlements in Mopani District, (iii). A SWOT- TOWS AHP analysis depicting the constraints and strategies of implementing spatial planning tools in informal settlements in Mopani District, (iv). An integrated framework for implementation of spatial planning tools in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa.","abstract_html":"The implementation of spatial planning tools to influence the distribution of people and activities on different scales and locations worldwide is often hindered by several constraints. Despite the constraints, and as the world is incessantly exposed to disaster risks, spatial planning tools remain cardinal to reducing disaster risks, particularly in informal settlements since they seek to promote effective planning for safe environments. It is therefore imperative that structured and decisive implementation of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements is an action, and urgent priority focus area. The problem is that Mopani District lacks an integrated implementation spatial planning framework for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the implementation constraints of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa. The objectives of the study were to (i) analyse the nature of disaster risks in informal settlements; (ii) examine spatial planning drivers of disaster risks in informal settlements; (iii) analyse the constraints of implementing spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction and (iv) propose a spatial planning framework for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District. A pragmatic paradigm philosophical approach, supplemented by a mixed research approach and a case study strategy, underpinned the study methodology. The sample size of the study consisted of 608 household respondents and 87 experts. The sampling procedures adopted in this study included multistage, purposive convenience sampling and stratified proportionate sampling methods that resulted in proportional household distribution of the sample in the 15 informal settlements in the following Municipalities: Greater Giyani (117 household respondents), Greater Tzaneen (58 household respondents) and Ba-Phalaborwa (433 household respondents) and 87 experts from the municipalities and other related government sectors as key informants. The primary data sources for the study included spatial planning disaster risk reduction and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) pairwise questionnaires, key experts, and telephone interviews, mapping, and observations. Secondary data sources included institutional documents, textbooks, library databases and internet. Quantitative data analysis was aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive statistics and vulnerability analysis to determine the nature and level of disaster risks. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) were employed to determine spatial planning disaster risk drivers. The use of Expert choice and Microsoft Excel software were applied in the SWOT-TOWS Analytical Hierarchical Process to determine the constraints of implementing spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements and generated strategies that guided the development of an integrated framework for implementation of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic data analysis guided by deductive and semantic approaches within the range of the critical spatial planning and disaster risk theoretical framework. Besides, Lefebvre, vulnerability, resilience, and systems theories were used to holistically envision informal settlements as interactive elements to inform the development of an integrated implementation spatial planning framework. The findings of the study provide the following contributions to knowledge on implementation constraints of spatial planning tools in informal settlements: (i). Maps showing the nature of disaster risks in informal settlements in extremely high hazard areas, (ii). Spatial planning disaster risk drivers in informal settlements in Mopani District, (iii). A SWOT- TOWS AHP analysis depicting the constraints and strategies of implementing spatial planning tools in informal settlements in Mopani District, (iv). An integrated framework for implementation of spatial planning tools in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Akola, Juliet"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Chakwizira, James","Ingwani, Emaculate","Bikam, Peter"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-05-17","date_published":"2024-05-17","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:57:38Z","subjects":["Disaster","Risk reduction","Spatial planning","Informal settlements","Mopani"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["University of Venda"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://univendspace.univen.ac.za/handle/123456789/2701","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Chakwizira, James","Ingwani, Emaculate","Bikam, Peter"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Akola, Juliet"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2023"]},{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-06-21T09:02:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-06-21T09:02:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024-05-17"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["PDF"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Disaster","Risk reduction","Spatial planning","Informal settlements","Mopani"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["University of Venda"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://univendspace.univen.ac.za/handle/123456789/2701"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["PhDURP","Department of Urban and Regional Planning"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The implementation of spatial planning tools to influence the distribution of people and activities on different scales and locations worldwide is often hindered by several constraints. Despite the constraints, and as the world is incessantly exposed to disaster risks, spatial planning tools remain cardinal to reducing disaster risks, particularly in informal settlements since they seek to promote effective planning for safe environments. It is therefore imperative that structured and decisive implementation of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements is an action, and urgent priority focus area. The problem is that Mopani District lacks an integrated implementation spatial planning framework for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the implementation constraints of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa. The objectives of the study were to (i) analyse the nature of disaster risks in informal settlements; (ii) examine spatial planning drivers of disaster risks in informal settlements; (iii) analyse the constraints of implementing spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction and (iv) propose a spatial planning framework for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District. A pragmatic paradigm philosophical approach, supplemented by a mixed research approach and a case study strategy, underpinned the study methodology. The sample size of the study consisted of 608 household respondents and 87 experts. The sampling procedures adopted in this study included multistage, purposive convenience sampling and stratified proportionate sampling methods that resulted in proportional household distribution of the sample in the 15 informal settlements in the following Municipalities: Greater Giyani (117 household respondents), Greater Tzaneen (58 household respondents) and Ba-Phalaborwa (433 household respondents) and 87 experts from the municipalities and other related government sectors as key informants. The primary data sources for the study included spatial planning disaster risk reduction and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) pairwise questionnaires, key experts, and telephone interviews, mapping, and observations. Secondary data sources included institutional documents, textbooks, library databases and internet. Quantitative data analysis was aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive statistics and vulnerability analysis to determine the nature and level of disaster risks. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) were employed to determine spatial planning disaster risk drivers. The use of Expert choice and Microsoft Excel software were applied in the SWOT-TOWS Analytical Hierarchical Process to determine the constraints of implementing spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements and generated strategies that guided the development of an integrated framework for implementation of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic data analysis guided by deductive and semantic approaches within the range of the critical spatial planning and disaster risk theoretical framework. Besides, Lefebvre, vulnerability, resilience, and systems theories were used to holistically envision informal settlements as interactive elements to inform the development of an integrated implementation spatial planning framework. The findings of the study provide the following contributions to knowledge on implementation constraints of spatial planning tools in informal settlements: (i). Maps showing the nature of disaster risks in informal settlements in extremely high hazard areas, (ii). Spatial planning disaster risk drivers in informal settlements in Mopani District, (iii). A SWOT- TOWS AHP analysis depicting the constraints and strategies of implementing spatial planning tools in informal settlements in Mopani District, (iv). An integrated framework for implementation of spatial planning tools in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Implementation constraints of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements: A case of Mopani District, South Africa"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Chakwizira, James","Ingwani, Emaculate","Bikam, Peter"],"dc:creator":["Akola, Juliet"],"dc:date":["2023"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-06-21T09:02:12Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-06-21T09:02:12Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024-05-17"],"dc:description":["PhDURP","Department of Urban and Regional Planning"],"dc:description.abstract":["The implementation of spatial planning tools to influence the distribution of people and activities on different scales and locations worldwide is often hindered by several constraints. Despite the constraints, and as the world is incessantly exposed to disaster risks, spatial planning tools remain cardinal to reducing disaster risks, particularly in informal settlements since they seek to promote effective planning for safe environments. It is therefore imperative that structured and decisive implementation of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements is an action, and urgent priority focus area. The problem is that Mopani District lacks an integrated implementation spatial planning framework for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the implementation constraints of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa. The objectives of the study were to (i) analyse the nature of disaster risks in informal settlements; (ii) examine spatial planning drivers of disaster risks in informal settlements; (iii) analyse the constraints of implementing spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction and (iv) propose a spatial planning framework for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District. A pragmatic paradigm philosophical approach, supplemented by a mixed research approach and a case study strategy, underpinned the study methodology. The sample size of the study consisted of 608 household respondents and 87 experts. The sampling procedures adopted in this study included multistage, purposive convenience sampling and stratified proportionate sampling methods that resulted in proportional household distribution of the sample in the 15 informal settlements in the following Municipalities: Greater Giyani (117 household respondents), Greater Tzaneen (58 household respondents) and Ba-Phalaborwa (433 household respondents) and 87 experts from the municipalities and other related government sectors as key informants. The primary data sources for the study included spatial planning disaster risk reduction and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) pairwise questionnaires, key experts, and telephone interviews, mapping, and observations. Secondary data sources included institutional documents, textbooks, library databases and internet. Quantitative data analysis was aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive statistics and vulnerability analysis to determine the nature and level of disaster risks. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) were employed to determine spatial planning disaster risk drivers. The use of Expert choice and Microsoft Excel software were applied in the SWOT-TOWS Analytical Hierarchical Process to determine the constraints of implementing spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements and generated strategies that guided the development of an integrated framework for implementation of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic data analysis guided by deductive and semantic approaches within the range of the critical spatial planning and disaster risk theoretical framework. Besides, Lefebvre, vulnerability, resilience, and systems theories were used to holistically envision informal settlements as interactive elements to inform the development of an integrated implementation spatial planning framework. The findings of the study provide the following contributions to knowledge on implementation constraints of spatial planning tools in informal settlements: (i). Maps showing the nature of disaster risks in informal settlements in extremely high hazard areas, (ii). Spatial planning disaster risk drivers in informal settlements in Mopani District, (iii). A SWOT- TOWS AHP analysis depicting the constraints and strategies of implementing spatial planning tools in informal settlements in Mopani District, (iv). An integrated framework for implementation of spatial planning tools in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://univendspace.univen.ac.za/handle/123456789/2701"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:relation":["PDF"],"dc:rights":["University of Venda"],"dc:subject":["Disaster","Risk reduction","Spatial planning","Informal settlements","Mopani"],"dc:title":["Implementation constraints of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements: A case of Mopani District, South Africa"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:57:38Z"}