Flood risks and spatial vulnerabilities: a case study of the University of Venda, South Africa
This study explored flood risks and spatial vulnerabilities using a case study of the University of Venda in South Africa. Although there is a wealth of literature on flood hazards and vulnerabilities in developing nations and some South African regions, no such studies were conducted at the University of Venda. The study's goals were as follows: (i) To determine the spatial vulnerability level of the University of Venda to flood risks; (ii) To highlight the spatial risks associated with flooding; and (iii) To recommend sustainable spatial planning coping strategies to reduce flood risks and vulnerabilities at the University of Venda. This study would benefit the entire populace of the University of Venda, including the students and staff members. The theory of urban resilience to floods (Liao, 2012) was used to make meaning of the research findings. The temporal scope stretches from 1982, when the University of Venda was established, to 2022, to provide current experiences on flooding: the conceptual scope covered flood risks, vulnerability, flooding, small rural towns, and low-lying areas. I employed the mixed method, combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies to collect data. I would triangulate three sampling procedures to select 357 students randomly, academic staff members conveniently, and two spatial planners purposively. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires, mapping, and observation. Quantitative data would be analysed using SPSS, and thematic content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The results showed that rainfall amount, topography, drainage systems, river proximity, and municipality response determine spatial vulnerability to flooding in the study area. Also, physical vulnerability was a major determinant of flood vulnerability in the study area. Key recommendations include public awareness and participation, a sustainable drainage system, relocation, and renovation.
Flooding risks, Spatial vulnerability, Floods, Low-lying areas, University of Venda
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