{"id":{"repo_id":"vcu","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarscompass.vcu.edu:etd-1885"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vcu/oai:scholarscompass.vcu.edu:etd-1885","repository":{"repo_id":"vcu","name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","base_url":"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"A quantitative comparison of the fill density of MTA produced by two different placement techniques.","abstract":"The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the fill density of MTA produced by hand condensation and hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation. Thirty acrylic block with 30 degree curved canals (group C) and 30 with straight canals (group S) were instrumented to a final apical size of 45 of 0.06 taper crown-down technique. After irrigating with water and drying with paper points, each block was weighed to the nearest 0.0001g with a digital electronic balance. In half of the specimens, chosen at random, the canal first filled with MTA using the hand condensation method (H) then weighed. The MTA was removed. The canal was rinsed, dried, and refilled using hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation (US). In the other half of the specimens, the procedure was carried out identically but in reverse order. The blocks were weighed again after cleaning the MTA from the canal as well as after refilling the canal using indirect ultrasonic condensation. Data comparing the weight of MTA between the two placement methods and the two canal configurations were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. There was a statistically significant increase in weight of MTA produced by ultrasonic activation than by hand condensation in groups C (p<.0001) and S (p<.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the straight canal versus the 30-degree curved canal (p = .08). In group C, ultrasonic condensation resulted in a 10.07% increase in the weight of MTA over hand condensation alone. Similarly in group S, there was a 9.1% increase in the weight of MTA over hand condensation. In conclusion, hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation resulted in an MTA fill that was denser than that accomplished by hand condensation alone.","abstract_html":"The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the fill density of MTA produced by hand condensation and hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation. Thirty acrylic block with 30 degree curved canals (group C) and 30 with straight canals (group S) were instrumented to a final apical size of 45 of 0.06 taper crown-down technique. After irrigating with water and drying with paper points, each block was weighed to the nearest 0.0001g with a digital electronic balance. In half of the specimens, chosen at random, the canal first filled with MTA using the hand condensation method (H) then weighed. The MTA was removed. The canal was rinsed, dried, and refilled using hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation (US). In the other half of the specimens, the procedure was carried out identically but in reverse order. The blocks were weighed again after cleaning the MTA from the canal as well as after refilling the canal using indirect ultrasonic condensation. Data comparing the weight of MTA between the two placement methods and the two canal configurations were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. There was a statistically significant increase in weight of MTA produced by ultrasonic activation than by hand condensation in groups C (p&lt;.0001) and S (p&lt;.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the straight canal versus the 30-degree curved canal (p = .08). In group C, ultrasonic condensation resulted in a 10.07% increase in the weight of MTA over hand condensation alone. Similarly in group S, there was a 9.1% increase in the weight of MTA over hand condensation. In conclusion, hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation resulted in an MTA fill that was denser than that accomplished by hand condensation alone.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Yeung, Priscilla"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Endodontics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr Frederick Liewehr"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2005,"date_issued":"2005-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2005-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:54:30Z","subjects":["hand condensation","ultrasonic condensation","MTA","Dentistry","Endodontics and Endodontology","Medicine and Health Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":["© The Author"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/886"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/886","href":"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/886","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.25772/WGJ4-GW40","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr Frederick Liewehr"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Yeung, Priscilla"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-07-09T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Endodontics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["hand condensation","ultrasonic condensation","MTA","Dentistry","Endodontics and Endodontology","Medicine and Health Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["© The Author"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://doi.org/10.25772/WGJ4-GW40","https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/886"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the fill density of MTA produced by hand condensation and hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation. Thirty acrylic block with 30 degree curved canals (group C) and 30 with straight canals (group S) were instrumented to a final apical size of 45 of 0.06 taper crown-down technique. After irrigating with water and drying with paper points, each block was weighed to the nearest 0.0001g with a digital electronic balance. In half of the specimens, chosen at random, the canal first filled with MTA using the hand condensation method (H) then weighed. The MTA was removed. The canal was rinsed, dried, and refilled using hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation (US). In the other half of the specimens, the procedure was carried out identically but in reverse order. The blocks were weighed again after cleaning the MTA from the canal as well as after refilling the canal using indirect ultrasonic condensation. Data comparing the weight of MTA between the two placement methods and the two canal configurations were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. There was a statistically significant increase in weight of MTA produced by ultrasonic activation than by hand condensation in groups C (p<.0001) and S (p<.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the straight canal versus the 30-degree curved canal (p = .08). In group C, ultrasonic condensation resulted in a 10.07% increase in the weight of MTA over hand condensation alone. Similarly in group S, there was a 9.1% increase in the weight of MTA over hand condensation. In conclusion, hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation resulted in an MTA fill that was denser than that accomplished by hand condensation alone."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A quantitative comparison of the fill density of MTA produced by two different placement techniques."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr Frederick Liewehr"],"dc:creator":["Yeung, Priscilla"],"dc:date.available":["2014-07-09T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the fill density of MTA produced by hand condensation and hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation. Thirty acrylic block with 30 degree curved canals (group C) and 30 with straight canals (group S) were instrumented to a final apical size of 45 of 0.06 taper crown-down technique. After irrigating with water and drying with paper points, each block was weighed to the nearest 0.0001g with a digital electronic balance. In half of the specimens, chosen at random, the canal first filled with MTA using the hand condensation method (H) then weighed. The MTA was removed. The canal was rinsed, dried, and refilled using hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation (US). In the other half of the specimens, the procedure was carried out identically but in reverse order. The blocks were weighed again after cleaning the MTA from the canal as well as after refilling the canal using indirect ultrasonic condensation. Data comparing the weight of MTA between the two placement methods and the two canal configurations were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. There was a statistically significant increase in weight of MTA produced by ultrasonic activation than by hand condensation in groups C (p<.0001) and S (p<.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the straight canal versus the 30-degree curved canal (p = .08). In group C, ultrasonic condensation resulted in a 10.07% increase in the weight of MTA over hand condensation alone. Similarly in group S, there was a 9.1% increase in the weight of MTA over hand condensation. In conclusion, hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation resulted in an MTA fill that was denser than that accomplished by hand condensation alone."],"dc:identifier":["https://doi.org/10.25772/WGJ4-GW40","https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/886"],"dc:rights":["© The Author"],"dc:subject":["hand condensation","ultrasonic condensation","MTA","Dentistry","Endodontics and Endodontology","Medicine and Health Sciences"],"dc:title":["A quantitative comparison of the fill density of MTA produced by two different placement techniques."],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Endodontics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:54:30Z"}