{"id":{"repo_id":"vcu","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarscompass.vcu.edu:etd-1171"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vcu/oai:scholarscompass.vcu.edu:etd-1171","repository":{"repo_id":"vcu","name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","base_url":"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"DISTRIBUTION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF AVIAN MALARIA VECTORS ON FOUR CENTRAL VIRGINIA PROTHONOTARY WARBLER (PROTONOTARIA CITREA) BREEDING SITES","abstract":"Avian malaria is a devastating disease that has decimated numerous bird species. This study sought to identify the vectors of avian malaria at four central Virginia Prothonotary warbler breeding sites. Twenty one thousand mosquitoes were collected and Culex salinarius, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. pipiens/restuans were found to be the dominant species at these sites. Geographic factors, such as crop land and forest type, were determined to be potential indicators for species abundance variation between sites. Of the mosquitoes collected, ninety one (0.4%) were identified as blood fed. The blood fed mosquitoes were found to have fed on avian, mammalian, amphibian, and reptilian hosts and a 12.1% Plasmodium infection rate. Of the non-blood fed mosquito pools tested, Deep Bottom had the highest rate of infection (10.5%). Of the species tested, Cx. salinarius, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. pipiens/restuans were determined to be the most probable vectors of avian malaria the four sites.","abstract_html":"Avian malaria is a devastating disease that has decimated numerous bird species. This study sought to identify the vectors of avian malaria at four central Virginia Prothonotary warbler breeding sites. Twenty one thousand mosquitoes were collected and Culex salinarius, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. pipiens/restuans were found to be the dominant species at these sites. Geographic factors, such as crop land and forest type, were determined to be potential indicators for species abundance variation between sites. Of the mosquitoes collected, ninety one (0.4%) were identified as blood fed. The blood fed mosquitoes were found to have fed on avian, mammalian, amphibian, and reptilian hosts and a 12.1% Plasmodium infection rate. Of the non-blood fed mosquito pools tested, Deep Bottom had the highest rate of infection (10.5%). Of the species tested, Cx. salinarius, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. pipiens/restuans were determined to be the most probable vectors of avian malaria the four sites.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wallace, Catherine"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Biology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ghislaine Mayer"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-12-09T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2010-12-09T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:53:26Z","subjects":["Protonotaria citrea","Prothonotary Warbler","Plasmodium","Culex","Culex salinarius","Culex erraticus","Culex pipiens/restuans","Haemosporidia","Haemoproteus","Biology","Life Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":["© The Author"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/172"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/172","href":"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/172","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.25772/ACKR-2D50","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ghislaine Mayer"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wallace, Catherine"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2015-12-21T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Protonotaria citrea","Prothonotary Warbler","Plasmodium","Culex","Culex salinarius","Culex erraticus","Culex pipiens/restuans","Haemosporidia","Haemoproteus","Biology","Life Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["© The Author"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://doi.org/10.25772/ACKR-2D50","https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/172"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Avian malaria is a devastating disease that has decimated numerous bird species. This study sought to identify the vectors of avian malaria at four central Virginia Prothonotary warbler breeding sites. Twenty one thousand mosquitoes were collected and Culex salinarius, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. pipiens/restuans were found to be the dominant species at these sites. Geographic factors, such as crop land and forest type, were determined to be potential indicators for species abundance variation between sites. Of the mosquitoes collected, ninety one (0.4%) were identified as blood fed. The blood fed mosquitoes were found to have fed on avian, mammalian, amphibian, and reptilian hosts and a 12.1% Plasmodium infection rate. Of the non-blood fed mosquito pools tested, Deep Bottom had the highest rate of infection (10.5%). Of the species tested, Cx. salinarius, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. pipiens/restuans were determined to be the most probable vectors of avian malaria the four sites."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["DISTRIBUTION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF AVIAN MALARIA VECTORS ON FOUR CENTRAL VIRGINIA PROTHONOTARY WARBLER (PROTONOTARIA CITREA) BREEDING SITES"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ghislaine Mayer"],"dc:creator":["Wallace, Catherine"],"dc:date.available":["2015-12-21T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Avian malaria is a devastating disease that has decimated numerous bird species. This study sought to identify the vectors of avian malaria at four central Virginia Prothonotary warbler breeding sites. Twenty one thousand mosquitoes were collected and Culex salinarius, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. pipiens/restuans were found to be the dominant species at these sites. Geographic factors, such as crop land and forest type, were determined to be potential indicators for species abundance variation between sites. Of the mosquitoes collected, ninety one (0.4%) were identified as blood fed. The blood fed mosquitoes were found to have fed on avian, mammalian, amphibian, and reptilian hosts and a 12.1% Plasmodium infection rate. Of the non-blood fed mosquito pools tested, Deep Bottom had the highest rate of infection (10.5%). Of the species tested, Cx. salinarius, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. pipiens/restuans were determined to be the most probable vectors of avian malaria the four sites."],"dc:identifier":["https://doi.org/10.25772/ACKR-2D50","https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/172"],"dc:rights":["© The Author"],"dc:subject":["Protonotaria citrea","Prothonotary Warbler","Plasmodium","Culex","Culex salinarius","Culex erraticus","Culex pipiens/restuans","Haemosporidia","Haemoproteus","Biology","Life Sciences"],"dc:title":["DISTRIBUTION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF AVIAN MALARIA VECTORS ON FOUR CENTRAL VIRGINIA PROTHONOTARY WARBLER (PROTONOTARIA CITREA) BREEDING SITES"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:53:26Z"}