Analysis and Assessment of Psychological Factors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the Pre-Dialysis and Dialysis Stages // Анализ и оценка на психологичните фактори при пациенти с хронично бъбречно заболяване в преддиализен и диализен стадий
The thesis aims to assess the role of psychological factors—stress, depressive experiences, and social support—in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in both pre-dialysis and dialysis stages. The cohort includes 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment in stage G5 and 30 patients diagnosed with CKD in stages G1–G4. The results indicate higher levels of stress and depressive experiences among dialysis-dependent patients compared to those in the pre-dialysis stage. Patients with CKD (G1–G4) exhibit significantly higher levels of social support indicators compared to the HD group. Correlation analysis reveals a statistically significant relationship between all listed manifestations of stress among patients in the end stage of CKD. A stronger positive correlation is observed among all indicators of social support in patients diagnosed with CKD. Regression analysis does not reveal statistically significant results regarding subjectively perceived psychological factors in relation to survival among dialysis-dependent patients. Only higher levels of anxiety are associated with reduced survival in this group. The findings support the need for implementing targeted activities and comprehensive educational programs aimed at preventing the development of psychological conditions that affect the psycho-emotional status of patients diagnosed with CKD, particularly at the initiation of HD treatment.
stress, depressive experience, dialysis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), Нефрология / Nephrology
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