Effect of Extreme Temperature on Stroke Incidence and Mortality in General

Background: Stroke is a leading global cause of mortality and disability. Recent studies have emphasized the growing impact of extreme temperatures, both heatwaves and cold spells on stroke incidence and mortality, a concern heightened by climate change. This systematic literature review investigates the relationship between extreme temperatures and stroke outcomes at a global level. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar Studies from 1995 to 2024 were considered. Search terms included "stroke", "extreme temperature", "heatwaves", "cold spells", "incidence", and "mortality". Boolean operators and the PEO framework guided search strategies. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed studies focusing on human populations and quantifiable stroke outcomes. Twelve relevant quantitative studies were critically appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Both high and low extreme temperatures significantly increase the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, particularly in elderly populations and those with cardiovascular comorbidities. Geographic disparities were observed, with heat-related strokes more prevalent in tropical regions and cold-related strokes more frequent in temperate zones. Urban heat island effects and poor heating infrastructure exacerbated risks. Air pollution, poor hydration, and socioeconomic factors were additional contributing elements. Conclusion: There is robust evidence linking extreme temperatures with increased stroke incidence and mortality. As climate variability intensifies, public health systems must prioritize adaptation strategies such as early warning systems, improved housing insulation, urban cooling plans, and targeted support for vulnerable populations. Although the review focused solely on quantitative research due to the lack of eligible qualitative studies, future investigations should integrate lived experiences and social responses through qualitative methods for a holistic understanding.

Name dc:type.qualificationname

msc

Level dc:type.qualificationlevel

masters

Grantor dc:publisher.institution

University of Wales Trinity Saint David

Year dc:date.issued

2025

Author dc:creator

• Surani, Bhadreshkumar Bhupatbhai

• RA0421 Lechyd cyhoeddus. Glanweithdra. Meddygaeth Ataliol

Dc Identifier Grantnumber

UWTSD

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:repository.uwtsd.ac.uk:3982