Minimising Bank Failures in Ghana Through Effective Regulatory Compliance Monitoring
This research was conducted based on the main research question, “How can an effective regulatory compliance monitoring framework minimise bank failures in Ghana?” The main aim of the research was to meet the objectives of examining the existing Regulatory Framework for banks in Ghana, identifying the monitoring framework of the Central Bank (Bank of Ghana), identifying the soundness of banks before the failure, examining the causes of the recent bank failures in Ghana and making recommendations for an effective regulatory compliance monitoring framework which could minimise such bank failures in Ghana. The researcher adopted a mixed method of data collection and analysis. A total of ninetyseven respondents were involved in the study. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed for the collection of primary data. The secondary sources of data included academic journals, official documents from international organisations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, documents from the Central Bank (Bank of Ghana), and annual reports of some selected banks in Ghana. From the data collection and analysis, the researcher identified that Bank of Ghana (the Central Bank of Ghana) is the regulator of the Ghana Banking Sector as mandated by the Bank of Ghana Act 930, 2016 to maintain a sound banking system. The findings and analyses showed that the causes of the recent bank failures in Ghana were capital inadequacy, illiquidity, high rate of non-performing loans, bad corporate governance practices and ineffective monitoring by the regulator. It was also identified that except forRegulatory Monitoring lapses, all the other causes of the bank failures cited by the respondents were indicators monitored by the regulator. It could, therefore, be concluded that the responsibility of Regulatory Compliance Monitoring, if effectively executed by the regulator, could minimise bank failures in Ghana. The methods of analyses were Content Analysis, Survey Analysis, The Delphi Technique, CAMELS Analysis and Regression Analysis.The researcher then recommended a more robust regulatory compliance monitoring framework to help improve the effectiveness of monitoring regulatory compliance in the banking sector in Ghana.
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