{"id":{"repo_id":"uwo","oai_identifier":"oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/35457"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uwo/oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/35457","repository":{"repo_id":"uwo","name":"Western University","base_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Influence of Water Chemistry Parameters on the Dissolution Rate of the Lead (II) Carbonate Hydrocerussite","abstract":"This work has focused on the kinetic dissolution of the lead (II) carbonate hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) under four pH conditions (7.5, 8, 9, 10), three dissolved inorganic concentrations (DIC; 10, 20, 50 mg C/L), and three initial hydrocerussite concentrations (10, 20, 50 mg/L) in batch experiments. Experiments were performed in at least duplicate to determine total dissolved lead dissolution curves at short time scales (hr.). All equilibrium dissolved lead concentrations were achieved in 40 minutes or less, and matched trends from previous studies; pH 7.5 and pH 10 corresponding to the highest and pH 9 presenting the lowest equilibrium lead concentrations. The formation of cerussite may have interfered with the dissolution reaction at a pH 7.5. The dissolved lead equilibrium concentrations decreased with increasing DIC. All experimental values were within the range of expected equilibrium concentrations predicted by PHREEQC using solubility constants from literature for cerussite and hydrocerussite. The geochemical modelling program PHREEQC was used to speciate total dissolved lead equilibrium concentrations under experimental conditions to determine an approximate solubility product for hydrocerussite of ‑15.98 ± 0.36. The kinetic dissolution data of total dissolved lead was evaluated by an integral approach. It was found that, in general, the kinetic dissolution rate constant increased with both increasing pH and DIC. The correlations of the kinetic rate constants determined under varying pH, DIC, and initial hydrocerussite conditions was combined into a rate expression which can be used to evaluate the influence of these parameters. This kinetic dissolution expression matched the experimental data very well and can be used to predict total dissolved lead levels.","abstract_html":"This work has focused on the kinetic dissolution of the lead (II) carbonate hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) under four pH conditions (7.5, 8, 9, 10), three dissolved inorganic concentrations (DIC; 10, 20, 50 mg C/L), and three initial hydrocerussite concentrations (10, 20, 50 mg/L) in batch experiments. Experiments were performed in at least duplicate to determine total dissolved lead dissolution curves at short time scales (hr.). All equilibrium dissolved lead concentrations were achieved in 40 minutes or less, and matched trends from previous studies; pH 7.5 and pH 10 corresponding to the highest and pH 9 presenting the lowest equilibrium lead concentrations. The formation of cerussite may have interfered with the dissolution reaction at a pH 7.5. The dissolved lead equilibrium concentrations decreased with increasing DIC. All experimental values were within the range of expected equilibrium concentrations predicted by PHREEQC using solubility constants from literature for cerussite and hydrocerussite. The geochemical modelling program PHREEQC was used to speciate total dissolved lead equilibrium concentrations under experimental conditions to determine an approximate solubility product for hydrocerussite of ‑15.98 ± 0.36. The kinetic dissolution data of total dissolved lead was evaluated by an integral approach. It was found that, in general, the kinetic dissolution rate constant increased with both increasing pH and DIC. The correlations of the kinetic rate constants determined under varying pH, DIC, and initial hydrocerussite conditions was combined into a rate expression which can be used to evaluate the influence of these parameters. This kinetic dissolution expression matched the experimental data very well and can be used to predict total dissolved lead levels.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kushnir, Caitlin SE"],"institution":"The University of Western Ontario","degree_name":"M Eng Sci","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Clare Robinson"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12-03","date_published":"2014-12-03","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:56:07Z","subjects":["corrosion scale","dissolution","drinking water","lead kinetics","model","PHREEQC"],"languages":["en_ca"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/35457","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Clare Robinson"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kushnir, Caitlin SE"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-07-10T20:37:57Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-07-10T20:37:57Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2014-12-03"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["The University of Western Ontario"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M Eng Sci"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["corrosion scale","dissolution","drinking water","lead kinetics","model","PHREEQC"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_ca"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/35457"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The thesis cover page in the PDF document includes references to Western University’s previous institutional repository platform, known as Scholarship@Western, and links to that platform (beginning with ir.lib.uwo.ca). In citing or referring to this thesis, use the DOI or handle from this page instead. Sample citation: Author name, \"Thesis title.\" (Year). Western University Open Repository. https://doi.org/10.71858/123456."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This work has focused on the kinetic dissolution of the lead (II) carbonate hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) under four pH conditions (7.5, 8, 9, 10), three dissolved inorganic concentrations (DIC; 10, 20, 50 mg C/L), and three initial hydrocerussite concentrations (10, 20, 50 mg/L) in batch experiments. Experiments were performed in at least duplicate to determine total dissolved lead dissolution curves at short time scales (hr.). All equilibrium dissolved lead concentrations were achieved in 40 minutes or less, and matched trends from previous studies; pH 7.5 and pH 10 corresponding to the highest and pH 9 presenting the lowest equilibrium lead concentrations. The formation of cerussite may have interfered with the dissolution reaction at a pH 7.5. The dissolved lead equilibrium concentrations decreased with increasing DIC. All experimental values were within the range of expected equilibrium concentrations predicted by PHREEQC using solubility constants from literature for cerussite and hydrocerussite. The geochemical modelling program PHREEQC was used to speciate total dissolved lead equilibrium concentrations under experimental conditions to determine an approximate solubility product for hydrocerussite of ‑15.98 ± 0.36. The kinetic dissolution data of total dissolved lead was evaluated by an integral approach. It was found that, in general, the kinetic dissolution rate constant increased with both increasing pH and DIC. The correlations of the kinetic rate constants determined under varying pH, DIC, and initial hydrocerussite conditions was combined into a rate expression which can be used to evaluate the influence of these parameters. This kinetic dissolution expression matched the experimental data very well and can be used to predict total dissolved lead levels."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Influence of Water Chemistry Parameters on the Dissolution Rate of the Lead (II) Carbonate Hydrocerussite"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Clare Robinson"],"dc:creator":["Kushnir, Caitlin SE"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-07-10T20:37:57Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-07-10T20:37:57Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2014-12-03"],"dc:description":["The thesis cover page in the PDF document includes references to Western University’s previous institutional repository platform, known as Scholarship@Western, and links to that platform (beginning with ir.lib.uwo.ca). In citing or referring to this thesis, use the DOI or handle from this page instead. Sample citation: Author name, \"Thesis title.\" (Year). Western University Open Repository. https://doi.org/10.71858/123456."],"dc:description.abstract":["This work has focused on the kinetic dissolution of the lead (II) carbonate hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) under four pH conditions (7.5, 8, 9, 10), three dissolved inorganic concentrations (DIC; 10, 20, 50 mg C/L), and three initial hydrocerussite concentrations (10, 20, 50 mg/L) in batch experiments. Experiments were performed in at least duplicate to determine total dissolved lead dissolution curves at short time scales (hr.). All equilibrium dissolved lead concentrations were achieved in 40 minutes or less, and matched trends from previous studies; pH 7.5 and pH 10 corresponding to the highest and pH 9 presenting the lowest equilibrium lead concentrations. The formation of cerussite may have interfered with the dissolution reaction at a pH 7.5. The dissolved lead equilibrium concentrations decreased with increasing DIC. All experimental values were within the range of expected equilibrium concentrations predicted by PHREEQC using solubility constants from literature for cerussite and hydrocerussite. The geochemical modelling program PHREEQC was used to speciate total dissolved lead equilibrium concentrations under experimental conditions to determine an approximate solubility product for hydrocerussite of ‑15.98 ± 0.36. The kinetic dissolution data of total dissolved lead was evaluated by an integral approach. It was found that, in general, the kinetic dissolution rate constant increased with both increasing pH and DIC. The correlations of the kinetic rate constants determined under varying pH, DIC, and initial hydrocerussite conditions was combined into a rate expression which can be used to evaluate the influence of these parameters. This kinetic dissolution expression matched the experimental data very well and can be used to predict total dissolved lead levels."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/35457"],"dc:language.iso":["en_ca"],"dc:publisher":["The University of Western Ontario"],"dc:subject":["corrosion scale","dissolution","drinking water","lead kinetics","model","PHREEQC"],"dc:title":["Influence of Water Chemistry Parameters on the Dissolution Rate of the Lead (II) Carbonate Hydrocerussite"],"dc:type":["thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"thesis:degree_name":["M Eng Sci"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:56:07Z"}