{"id":{"repo_id":"uwo","oai_identifier":"oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/32401"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uwo/oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/32401","repository":{"repo_id":"uwo","name":"Western University","base_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Increased Lipid Metabolism in Response to Repetitive Aerobic Exercise During Proestrus in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rats","abstract":"In response to repetitive bouts of aerobic exercise, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) female rats demonstrate greater post-exercise blood glucose (BG) recovery during proestrus than T1DM males. Fuel selection differences may explain sex-related differences in the blunted counterregulatory responses to subsequent exercise and estrogen (E2) has shown to mediate fuel metabolism. Evidence of E2’s activation of AMP-kinase (AMPK) may mediate the metabolic actions of E2. This study aimed to examine sex-related differences in lipid and glucose metabolism in response to a 4-day aerobic exercise protocol in skeletal muscle and liver tissue of male and female T1DM-induced (n = 5) and non-T1DM (n = 5) rats. Western blot analysis and phenol sulphuric acid and β-oxidation activity assays were used to assess AMPK and gluconeogenic enzyme protein expression, muscle glycogen content, and lipid oxidation. T1DM and non-T1DM females demonstrated significantly greater β-oxidation activity in muscle compared to males but this fuel shift towards lipids was not associated with higher AMPK activity. No muscle glycogen content differences between the sexes were found. T1DM and non-T1DM females demonstrated higher hepatic G6Pase expression than males. Therefore, T1DM females may be less susceptible to repeated exercise-induced hypoglycemia through E2-mediated shift towards lipid oxidation during the proestrus phase.","abstract_html":"In response to repetitive bouts of aerobic exercise, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) female rats demonstrate greater post-exercise blood glucose (BG) recovery during proestrus than T1DM males. Fuel selection differences may explain sex-related differences in the blunted counterregulatory responses to subsequent exercise and estrogen (E2) has shown to mediate fuel metabolism. Evidence of E2’s activation of AMP-kinase (AMPK) may mediate the metabolic actions of E2. This study aimed to examine sex-related differences in lipid and glucose metabolism in response to a 4-day aerobic exercise protocol in skeletal muscle and liver tissue of male and female T1DM-induced (n = 5) and non-T1DM (n = 5) rats. Western blot analysis and phenol sulphuric acid and β-oxidation activity assays were used to assess AMPK and gluconeogenic enzyme protein expression, muscle glycogen content, and lipid oxidation. T1DM and non-T1DM females demonstrated significantly greater β-oxidation activity in muscle compared to males but this fuel shift towards lipids was not associated with higher AMPK activity. No muscle glycogen content differences between the sexes were found. T1DM and non-T1DM females demonstrated higher hepatic G6Pase expression than males. Therefore, T1DM females may be less susceptible to repeated exercise-induced hypoglycemia through E2-mediated shift towards lipid oxidation during the proestrus phase.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gardy, Silar"],"institution":"The University of Western Ontario","degree_name":"M Sc","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Melling, Jamie","Mottola, Michelle"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-05-06","date_published":"2022-05-06","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:55:56Z","subjects":["Type I diabetes","exercise","estrogen","lipid metabolism","sex-related differences","AMPK"],"languages":["en_ca"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/32401","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Melling, Jamie","Mottola, Michelle"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gardy, Silar"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-07-10T19:30:07Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-07-10T19:30:07Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2022-05-06"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["The University of Western Ontario"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M Sc"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Type I diabetes","exercise","estrogen","lipid metabolism","sex-related differences","AMPK"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_ca"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/32401"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The thesis cover page in the PDF document includes references to Western University’s previous institutional repository platform, known as Scholarship@Western, and links to that platform (beginning with ir.lib.uwo.ca). In citing or referring to this thesis, use the DOI or handle from this page instead. Sample citation: Author name, \"Thesis title.\" (Year). Western University Open Repository. https://doi.org/10.71858/123456."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In response to repetitive bouts of aerobic exercise, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) female rats demonstrate greater post-exercise blood glucose (BG) recovery during proestrus than T1DM males. Fuel selection differences may explain sex-related differences in the blunted counterregulatory responses to subsequent exercise and estrogen (E2) has shown to mediate fuel metabolism. Evidence of E2’s activation of AMP-kinase (AMPK) may mediate the metabolic actions of E2. This study aimed to examine sex-related differences in lipid and glucose metabolism in response to a 4-day aerobic exercise protocol in skeletal muscle and liver tissue of male and female T1DM-induced (n = 5) and non-T1DM (n = 5) rats. Western blot analysis and phenol sulphuric acid and β-oxidation activity assays were used to assess AMPK and gluconeogenic enzyme protein expression, muscle glycogen content, and lipid oxidation. T1DM and non-T1DM females demonstrated significantly greater β-oxidation activity in muscle compared to males but this fuel shift towards lipids was not associated with higher AMPK activity. No muscle glycogen content differences between the sexes were found. T1DM and non-T1DM females demonstrated higher hepatic G6Pase expression than males. Therefore, T1DM females may be less susceptible to repeated exercise-induced hypoglycemia through E2-mediated shift towards lipid oxidation during the proestrus phase."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Increased Lipid Metabolism in Response to Repetitive Aerobic Exercise During Proestrus in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rats"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Melling, Jamie","Mottola, Michelle"],"dc:creator":["Gardy, Silar"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-07-10T19:30:07Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-07-10T19:30:07Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2022-05-06"],"dc:description":["The thesis cover page in the PDF document includes references to Western University’s previous institutional repository platform, known as Scholarship@Western, and links to that platform (beginning with ir.lib.uwo.ca). In citing or referring to this thesis, use the DOI or handle from this page instead. Sample citation: Author name, \"Thesis title.\" (Year). Western University Open Repository. https://doi.org/10.71858/123456."],"dc:description.abstract":["In response to repetitive bouts of aerobic exercise, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) female rats demonstrate greater post-exercise blood glucose (BG) recovery during proestrus than T1DM males. Fuel selection differences may explain sex-related differences in the blunted counterregulatory responses to subsequent exercise and estrogen (E2) has shown to mediate fuel metabolism. Evidence of E2’s activation of AMP-kinase (AMPK) may mediate the metabolic actions of E2. This study aimed to examine sex-related differences in lipid and glucose metabolism in response to a 4-day aerobic exercise protocol in skeletal muscle and liver tissue of male and female T1DM-induced (n = 5) and non-T1DM (n = 5) rats. Western blot analysis and phenol sulphuric acid and β-oxidation activity assays were used to assess AMPK and gluconeogenic enzyme protein expression, muscle glycogen content, and lipid oxidation. T1DM and non-T1DM females demonstrated significantly greater β-oxidation activity in muscle compared to males but this fuel shift towards lipids was not associated with higher AMPK activity. No muscle glycogen content differences between the sexes were found. T1DM and non-T1DM females demonstrated higher hepatic G6Pase expression than males. Therefore, T1DM females may be less susceptible to repeated exercise-induced hypoglycemia through E2-mediated shift towards lipid oxidation during the proestrus phase."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/32401"],"dc:language.iso":["en_ca"],"dc:publisher":["The University of Western Ontario"],"dc:subject":["Type I diabetes","exercise","estrogen","lipid metabolism","sex-related differences","AMPK"],"dc:title":["Increased Lipid Metabolism in Response to Repetitive Aerobic Exercise During Proestrus in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rats"],"dc:type":["thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_name":["M Sc"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:55:56Z"}