{"id":{"repo_id":"uwo","oai_identifier":"oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/31748"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uwo/oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/31748","repository":{"repo_id":"uwo","name":"Western University","base_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Development of Biolubricants from Vegetable Oils for Non-Internal Combustion Engine Applications","abstract":"The promise of vegetable-based CEs in the lubrication industry lies in their ability to provide superior lubrication, thermal stability, and compatibility with various metals. The presence of unsaturated free fatty acids in the carbon chain of triglycerides and tertiary β-hydrogen group in the glycerol backbone causes low thermal and oxidative stability. Thus, this study investigated a cost-effective methodology that has been developed to produce biobased CEs with improved thermal and oxidative stability. This involves the conversion of vegetable oil triglycerides into trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters through a two-step transesterification-transesterification and a two-step hydrolysis-esterification process. To further increase the thermal and oxidative stability, an epoxidation reaction was performed in order to remove the C=C double bonds in the canola oil trimethylolpropane (COTMP) ester structure using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidizing agent in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The conversion, selectivity, oxirane oxygen content (OOC), and iodine value of the final epoxidized canola oil trimethylolpropane (ECOTMP) ester was 95.2%, 98.62%, 4.12%, and 3.4 mg I2/g, respectively. This work has focused on the conversion of vegetable oils to saturated complex esters through several chemical modifications (e.g., hydrolysis, esterification/transesterification, and epoxidation) and demonstrated the effective use of metal complexes as heterogeneous catalysts in the epoxidation reaction. The novelty of this study is the formulation of biolubricants with outstanding wear scar diameter (WSD) from vegetable oils and the development of a heterogeneous catalyst for epoxidation reaction to increasing the conversion, selectivity, and OOC of the final product.","abstract_html":"The promise of vegetable-based CEs in the lubrication industry lies in their ability to provide superior lubrication, thermal stability, and compatibility with various metals. The presence of unsaturated free fatty acids in the carbon chain of triglycerides and tertiary β-hydrogen group in the glycerol backbone causes low thermal and oxidative stability. Thus, this study investigated a cost-effective methodology that has been developed to produce biobased CEs with improved thermal and oxidative stability. This involves the conversion of vegetable oil triglycerides into trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters through a two-step transesterification-transesterification and a two-step hydrolysis-esterification process. To further increase the thermal and oxidative stability, an epoxidation reaction was performed in order to remove the C=C double bonds in the canola oil trimethylolpropane (COTMP) ester structure using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidizing agent in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The conversion, selectivity, oxirane oxygen content (OOC), and iodine value of the final epoxidized canola oil trimethylolpropane (ECOTMP) ester was 95.2%, 98.62%, 4.12%, and 3.4 mg I2/g, respectively. This work has focused on the conversion of vegetable oils to saturated complex esters through several chemical modifications (e.g., hydrolysis, esterification/transesterification, and epoxidation) and demonstrated the effective use of metal complexes as heterogeneous catalysts in the epoxidation reaction. The novelty of this study is the formulation of biolubricants with outstanding wear scar diameter (WSD) from vegetable oils and the development of a heterogeneous catalyst for epoxidation reaction to increasing the conversion, selectivity, and OOC of the final product.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kamiab, Behzad"],"institution":"The University of Western Ontario","degree_name":"Ph D","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Bassi, Amarjeet","Charles Chunbao XU"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-04-30","date_published":"2024-04-30","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:56:16Z","subjects":["vegetable oils","biobased complex esters","transesterification","hydrolysis-esterification","epoxidation","heterogeneous catalyst"],"languages":["en_ca"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/31748","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Bassi, Amarjeet","Charles Chunbao XU"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kamiab, Behzad"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-07-10T19:21:41Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-07-10T19:21:41Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024-04-30"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["The University of Western Ontario"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemical and Biochemical Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph D"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["vegetable oils","biobased complex esters","transesterification","hydrolysis-esterification","epoxidation","heterogeneous catalyst"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_ca"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/31748"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Collaborative Specialization: Environment and Sustainability","The thesis cover page in the PDF document includes references to Western University’s previous institutional repository platform, known as Scholarship@Western, and links to that platform (beginning with ir.lib.uwo.ca). In citing or referring to this thesis, use the DOI or handle from this page instead. Sample citation: Author name, \"Thesis title.\" (Year). Western University Open Repository. https://doi.org/10.71858/123456."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The promise of vegetable-based CEs in the lubrication industry lies in their ability to provide superior lubrication, thermal stability, and compatibility with various metals. The presence of unsaturated free fatty acids in the carbon chain of triglycerides and tertiary β-hydrogen group in the glycerol backbone causes low thermal and oxidative stability. Thus, this study investigated a cost-effective methodology that has been developed to produce biobased CEs with improved thermal and oxidative stability. This involves the conversion of vegetable oil triglycerides into trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters through a two-step transesterification-transesterification and a two-step hydrolysis-esterification process. To further increase the thermal and oxidative stability, an epoxidation reaction was performed in order to remove the C=C double bonds in the canola oil trimethylolpropane (COTMP) ester structure using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidizing agent in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The conversion, selectivity, oxirane oxygen content (OOC), and iodine value of the final epoxidized canola oil trimethylolpropane (ECOTMP) ester was 95.2%, 98.62%, 4.12%, and 3.4 mg I2/g, respectively. This work has focused on the conversion of vegetable oils to saturated complex esters through several chemical modifications (e.g., hydrolysis, esterification/transesterification, and epoxidation) and demonstrated the effective use of metal complexes as heterogeneous catalysts in the epoxidation reaction. The novelty of this study is the formulation of biolubricants with outstanding wear scar diameter (WSD) from vegetable oils and the development of a heterogeneous catalyst for epoxidation reaction to increasing the conversion, selectivity, and OOC of the final product."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Development of Biolubricants from Vegetable Oils for Non-Internal Combustion Engine Applications"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Bassi, Amarjeet","Charles Chunbao XU"],"dc:creator":["Kamiab, Behzad"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-07-10T19:21:41Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-07-10T19:21:41Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024-04-30"],"dc:description":["Collaborative Specialization: Environment and Sustainability","The thesis cover page in the PDF document includes references to Western University’s previous institutional repository platform, known as Scholarship@Western, and links to that platform (beginning with ir.lib.uwo.ca). In citing or referring to this thesis, use the DOI or handle from this page instead. Sample citation: Author name, \"Thesis title.\" (Year). Western University Open Repository. https://doi.org/10.71858/123456."],"dc:description.abstract":["The promise of vegetable-based CEs in the lubrication industry lies in their ability to provide superior lubrication, thermal stability, and compatibility with various metals. The presence of unsaturated free fatty acids in the carbon chain of triglycerides and tertiary β-hydrogen group in the glycerol backbone causes low thermal and oxidative stability. Thus, this study investigated a cost-effective methodology that has been developed to produce biobased CEs with improved thermal and oxidative stability. This involves the conversion of vegetable oil triglycerides into trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters through a two-step transesterification-transesterification and a two-step hydrolysis-esterification process. To further increase the thermal and oxidative stability, an epoxidation reaction was performed in order to remove the C=C double bonds in the canola oil trimethylolpropane (COTMP) ester structure using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidizing agent in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The conversion, selectivity, oxirane oxygen content (OOC), and iodine value of the final epoxidized canola oil trimethylolpropane (ECOTMP) ester was 95.2%, 98.62%, 4.12%, and 3.4 mg I2/g, respectively. This work has focused on the conversion of vegetable oils to saturated complex esters through several chemical modifications (e.g., hydrolysis, esterification/transesterification, and epoxidation) and demonstrated the effective use of metal complexes as heterogeneous catalysts in the epoxidation reaction. The novelty of this study is the formulation of biolubricants with outstanding wear scar diameter (WSD) from vegetable oils and the development of a heterogeneous catalyst for epoxidation reaction to increasing the conversion, selectivity, and OOC of the final product."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/31748"],"dc:language.iso":["en_ca"],"dc:publisher":["The University of Western Ontario"],"dc:subject":["vegetable oils","biobased complex esters","transesterification","hydrolysis-esterification","epoxidation","heterogeneous catalyst"],"dc:title":["Development of Biolubricants from Vegetable Oils for Non-Internal Combustion Engine Applications"],"dc:type":["thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemical and Biochemical Engineering"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph D"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:56:16Z"}