Osteoporosis is diagnosed by assessing the bone mineral density (BMD) of the trabecular bone, and has previously been characterized with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or single-energy computed tomography (SECT). Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is able to create two three-dimensional sets of images representing the densities of two materials in a given basis pair. DECT is theoretically capable of providing a true density measurement of trabecular bone material with the proper material basis pair.
Using the rapid kVp-switching GE HD750 scanner, the concentrations of various solutes were assessed in two-material syringe-phantoms in different experimental conditions with DECT material density images, SECT and DXA. RMS error was used to evaluate the accuracy of the DECT concentration measurements in air and regression was used to compare measurements made in other scanning conditions. The effect of anthropomorphic geometry was explored in concentric phantoms designed to model bone. The sensitivity of DECT, SECT, and DXA to change in bone composition was compared. Thecorrelation between different basis pair decompositions was evaluated. Finally, the correlation between DECT concentration measurements and DXA areal BMD (aBMD) measurements was assessed and used to develop a methodology to convert DECT concentration measurements to aBMD measurements.
The RMS error of DECT concentration measurements made in air ranged from 9-244%. Measurements of concentration made off-isocenter or with different DECT techniques were found to have a small (~5%) effect, but scattering conditions resulted in a reduction of 8-27% with similar trends observed in SECT data. In concentric phantoms, higher-attenuating material in the outer chamber increased measured values of the inner material for all measurement methods. DECT measurements had the best sensitivity (2 mg/ml K2HPO4). Different DECT basis pairs were nearly perfectly correlated (R21). This was exploited to demonstrate a strong correlation (R2 = 0.988) between measured K2HPO4 concentration and DXA aBMD for different two-material phantoms. The relationship DECT aBMD and DXA aBMD was highly correlated (R2 =0.983) but the limits of agreement (-0.16 to 0.57 g/cm2) were relatively large compared to clinical utility.
This study suggests that corrections to output DECT concentration measurements may be necessary for clinically acceptable aBMD or trabecular BMD values.
","abstract_html":"<p>Osteoporosis is diagnosed by assessing the bone mineral density (BMD) of the trabecular bone, and has previously been characterized with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or single-energy computed tomography (SECT). Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is able to create two three-dimensional sets of images representing the densities of two materials in a given basis pair. DECT is theoretically capable of providing a true density measurement of trabecular bone material with the proper material basis pair.</p> <p>Using the rapid kVp-switching GE HD750 scanner, the concentrations of various solutes were assessed in two-material syringe-phantoms in different experimental conditions with DECT material density images, SECT and DXA. RMS error was used to evaluate the accuracy of the DECT concentration measurements in air and regression was used to compare measurements made in other scanning conditions. The effect of anthropomorphic geometry was explored in concentric phantoms designed to model bone. The sensitivity of DECT, SECT, and DXA to change in bone composition was compared. Thecorrelation between different basis pair decompositions was evaluated. Finally, the correlation between DECT concentration measurements and DXA areal BMD (aBMD) measurements was assessed and used to develop a methodology to convert DECT concentration measurements to aBMD measurements.</p> <p>The RMS error of DECT concentration measurements made in air ranged from 9-244%. Measurements of concentration made off-isocenter or with different DECT techniques were found to have a small (~5%) effect, but scattering conditions resulted in a reduction of 8-27% with similar trends observed in SECT data. In concentric phantoms, higher-attenuating material in the outer chamber increased measured values of the inner material for all measurement methods. DECT measurements had the best sensitivity (2 mg/ml K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>). Different DECT basis pairs were nearly perfectly correlated (R<sup>2</sup>1). This was exploited to demonstrate a strong correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.988) between measured K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> concentration and DXA aBMD for different two-material phantoms. The relationship DECT aBMD and DXA aBMD was highly correlated (R<sup>2</sup> =0.983) but the limits of agreement (-0.16 to 0.57 g/cm<sup>2</sup>) were relatively large compared to clinical utility.</p> <p>This study suggests that corrections to output DECT concentration measurements may be necessary for clinically acceptable aBMD or trabecular BMD values.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wait, John M"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Masters of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis (MS)","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["S. Cheenu Kappadath, P. hD.","Dianna D. Cody, Ph. D.","X. John Rong, Ph. D."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:50:31Z","subjects":["osteoporosis","bone mineral density","dual-energy CT","material decomposition","Medicine and Health Sciences","Musculoskeletal Diseases","Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology","Orthopedics","Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics","Radiology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/451","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["S. Cheenu Kappadath, P. hD.","Dianna D. Cody, Ph. D.","X. John Rong, Ph. D."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wait, John M"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-05-02T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis (MS)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Masters of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["osteoporosis","bone mineral density","dual-energy CT","material decomposition","Medicine and Health Sciences","Musculoskeletal Diseases","Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology","Orthopedics","Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics","Radiology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/451"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Osteoporosis is diagnosed by assessing the bone mineral density (BMD) of the trabecular bone, and has previously been characterized with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or single-energy computed tomography (SECT). Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is able to create two three-dimensional sets of images representing the densities of two materials in a given basis pair. DECT is theoretically capable of providing a true density measurement of trabecular bone material with the proper material basis pair.
Using the rapid kVp-switching GE HD750 scanner, the concentrations of various solutes were assessed in two-material syringe-phantoms in different experimental conditions with DECT material density images, SECT and DXA. RMS error was used to evaluate the accuracy of the DECT concentration measurements in air and regression was used to compare measurements made in other scanning conditions. The effect of anthropomorphic geometry was explored in concentric phantoms designed to model bone. The sensitivity of DECT, SECT, and DXA to change in bone composition was compared. Thecorrelation between different basis pair decompositions was evaluated. Finally, the correlation between DECT concentration measurements and DXA areal BMD (aBMD) measurements was assessed and used to develop a methodology to convert DECT concentration measurements to aBMD measurements.
The RMS error of DECT concentration measurements made in air ranged from 9-244%. Measurements of concentration made off-isocenter or with different DECT techniques were found to have a small (~5%) effect, but scattering conditions resulted in a reduction of 8-27% with similar trends observed in SECT data. In concentric phantoms, higher-attenuating material in the outer chamber increased measured values of the inner material for all measurement methods. DECT measurements had the best sensitivity (2 mg/ml K2HPO4). Different DECT basis pairs were nearly perfectly correlated (R21). This was exploited to demonstrate a strong correlation (R2 = 0.988) between measured K2HPO4 concentration and DXA aBMD for different two-material phantoms. The relationship DECT aBMD and DXA aBMD was highly correlated (R2 =0.983) but the limits of agreement (-0.16 to 0.57 g/cm2) were relatively large compared to clinical utility.
This study suggests that corrections to output DECT concentration measurements may be necessary for clinically acceptable aBMD or trabecular BMD values.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Performance Evaluation of Material Decomposition Using Rapid Kvp-Switching Dual-Energy Ct For Assessing Bone Mineral Density"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["S. Cheenu Kappadath, P. hD.","Dianna D. Cody, Ph. D.","X. John Rong, Ph. D."],"dc:creator":["Wait, John M"],"dc:date.available":["2014-05-02T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Osteoporosis is diagnosed by assessing the bone mineral density (BMD) of the trabecular bone, and has previously been characterized with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or single-energy computed tomography (SECT). Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is able to create two three-dimensional sets of images representing the densities of two materials in a given basis pair. DECT is theoretically capable of providing a true density measurement of trabecular bone material with the proper material basis pair.
Using the rapid kVp-switching GE HD750 scanner, the concentrations of various solutes were assessed in two-material syringe-phantoms in different experimental conditions with DECT material density images, SECT and DXA. RMS error was used to evaluate the accuracy of the DECT concentration measurements in air and regression was used to compare measurements made in other scanning conditions. The effect of anthropomorphic geometry was explored in concentric phantoms designed to model bone. The sensitivity of DECT, SECT, and DXA to change in bone composition was compared. Thecorrelation between different basis pair decompositions was evaluated. Finally, the correlation between DECT concentration measurements and DXA areal BMD (aBMD) measurements was assessed and used to develop a methodology to convert DECT concentration measurements to aBMD measurements.
The RMS error of DECT concentration measurements made in air ranged from 9-244%. Measurements of concentration made off-isocenter or with different DECT techniques were found to have a small (~5%) effect, but scattering conditions resulted in a reduction of 8-27% with similar trends observed in SECT data. In concentric phantoms, higher-attenuating material in the outer chamber increased measured values of the inner material for all measurement methods. DECT measurements had the best sensitivity (2 mg/ml K2HPO4). Different DECT basis pairs were nearly perfectly correlated (R21). This was exploited to demonstrate a strong correlation (R2 = 0.988) between measured K2HPO4 concentration and DXA aBMD for different two-material phantoms. The relationship DECT aBMD and DXA aBMD was highly correlated (R2 =0.983) but the limits of agreement (-0.16 to 0.57 g/cm2) were relatively large compared to clinical utility.
This study suggests that corrections to output DECT concentration measurements may be necessary for clinically acceptable aBMD or trabecular BMD values.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/451"],"dc:subject":["osteoporosis","bone mineral density","dual-energy CT","material decomposition","Medicine and Health Sciences","Musculoskeletal Diseases","Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology","Orthopedics","Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics","Radiology"],"dc:title":["Performance Evaluation of Material Decomposition Using Rapid Kvp-Switching Dual-Energy Ct For Assessing Bone Mineral Density"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis (MS)"],"thesis:degree_name":["Masters of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:50:31Z"}