{"id":{"repo_id":"utc","oai_identifier":"oai:scholar.utc.edu:theses-2123"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/utc/oai:scholar.utc.edu:theses-2123","repository":{"repo_id":"utc","name":"University of Tennessee - Chattanooga","base_url":"https://scholar.utc.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"The technical and economic feasibility of constructing an artificial wetland for Burra-Burra Creek in Ducktown Tennessee","abstract":"The Copper Hill Basin area in Polk County, Tennessee has been severely impacted by more than a century of mining. The water found in the streams in this area is polluted with dissolved metals and sulfates. Burra-Burra Creek is one of the various waterways impacted and is located within the 130 km2 area of deserted mines in the Copper Basin. This stream is fed from runoff and mine seepage; the stream is acidic and the metal concentration is high in comparison to the concentrations in other streams in the immediate area. The use of constructed wetlands to treat acidic mine seepage was explored aggressively in the 1980's. Several artificial wetlands were constructed and some guidelines for wetlands design were developed. These guidelines were neither consistent with each other nor widely accepted. However, constructed wetlands have been hailed as a cost effective method to treat wastewater. This paper explores a wetland design to treat the waters of Burra-Burra Creek. The site of the proposed constructed wetlands is located just downstream from the junction of Burra-Burra Creek and McPherson Branch. The constructed wetland design is based on stream quality data collected between 1991 - 1994 and incorporates concepts from wetlands constructed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The design consists of an anoxic limestone drain to increase pH and four wetland cells of varying depths to treat the wastewater. This design is expected to raise the pH and to remove the metals to within the ranges specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEP A) for the water treated. The total cost of this project was estimated to be $350,000. This is very reasonable when compared to the cost of constructing a chemical treatment plant that would cost $1,000,000. The annual operational costs of the constructed wetland are estimated to be $73,000 while the annual cost of operating a wastewater treatment plant will be $300,000. It is recommended that this technology be used for this particular creek. In this particular case, a constructed wetland would increase the pH and remove the metals from the creek to acceptable levels. From an economic standpoint, the constructed wetland is feasible.","abstract_html":"The Copper Hill Basin area in Polk County, Tennessee has been severely impacted by more than a century of mining. The water found in the streams in this area is polluted with dissolved metals and sulfates. Burra-Burra Creek is one of the various waterways impacted and is located within the 130 km2 area of deserted mines in the Copper Basin. This stream is fed from runoff and mine seepage; the stream is acidic and the metal concentration is high in comparison to the concentrations in other streams in the immediate area. The use of constructed wetlands to treat acidic mine seepage was explored aggressively in the 1980's. Several artificial wetlands were constructed and some guidelines for wetlands design were developed. These guidelines were neither consistent with each other nor widely accepted. However, constructed wetlands have been hailed as a cost effective method to treat wastewater. This paper explores a wetland design to treat the waters of Burra-Burra Creek. The site of the proposed constructed wetlands is located just downstream from the junction of Burra-Burra Creek and McPherson Branch. The constructed wetland design is based on stream quality data collected between 1991 - 1994 and incorporates concepts from wetlands constructed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The design consists of an anoxic limestone drain to increase pH and four wetland cells of varying depths to treat the wastewater. This design is expected to raise the pH and to remove the metals to within the ranges specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEP A) for the water treated. The total cost of this project was estimated to be $350,000. This is very reasonable when compared to the cost of constructing a chemical treatment plant that would cost $1,000,000. The annual operational costs of the constructed wetland are estimated to be $73,000 while the annual cost of operating a wastewater treatment plant will be $300,000. It is recommended that this technology be used for this particular creek. In this particular case, a constructed wetland would increase the pH and remove the metals from the creek to acceptable levels. From an economic standpoint, the constructed wetland is feasible.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Speer, Ileana M."],"institution":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Henry, James","College of Engineering and Computer Science"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":null,"date_issued":"","date_published":null,"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:47:21Z","subjects":["Constructed wetlands--Tennessee--Polk County","Acid mine drainage--Tennessee--Polk County","Water quality management","Copper mines and mining"],"languages":["English","eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["LB2369.2 .S633 2000"],"render_values":[{"text":"LB2369.2 .S633 2000","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/944","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Henry, James","College of Engineering and Computer Science"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Speer, Ileana M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2000-03-01T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","Chattanooga (Tenn.)"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Masters theses","Text"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Constructed wetlands--Tennessee--Polk County","Acid mine drainage--Tennessee--Polk County","Water quality management","Copper mines and mining"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["LB2369.2 .S633 2000","https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/944"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Dept. of Chemical Engineering","M. S.; A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The Copper Hill Basin area in Polk County, Tennessee has been severely impacted by more than a century of mining. The water found in the streams in this area is polluted with dissolved metals and sulfates. Burra-Burra Creek is one of the various waterways impacted and is located within the 130 km2 area of deserted mines in the Copper Basin. This stream is fed from runoff and mine seepage; the stream is acidic and the metal concentration is high in comparison to the concentrations in other streams in the immediate area. The use of constructed wetlands to treat acidic mine seepage was explored aggressively in the 1980's. Several artificial wetlands were constructed and some guidelines for wetlands design were developed. These guidelines were neither consistent with each other nor widely accepted. However, constructed wetlands have been hailed as a cost effective method to treat wastewater. This paper explores a wetland design to treat the waters of Burra-Burra Creek. The site of the proposed constructed wetlands is located just downstream from the junction of Burra-Burra Creek and McPherson Branch. The constructed wetland design is based on stream quality data collected between 1991 - 1994 and incorporates concepts from wetlands constructed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The design consists of an anoxic limestone drain to increase pH and four wetland cells of varying depths to treat the wastewater. This design is expected to raise the pH and to remove the metals to within the ranges specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEP A) for the water treated. The total cost of this project was estimated to be $350,000. This is very reasonable when compared to the cost of constructing a chemical treatment plant that would cost $1,000,000. The annual operational costs of the constructed wetland are estimated to be $73,000 while the annual cost of operating a wastewater treatment plant will be $300,000. It is recommended that this technology be used for this particular creek. In this particular case, a constructed wetland would increase the pH and remove the metals from the creek to acceptable levels. From an economic standpoint, the constructed wetland is feasible."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The technical and economic feasibility of constructing an artificial wetland for Burra-Burra Creek in Ducktown Tennessee"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Henry, James","College of Engineering and Computer Science"],"dc:creator":["Speer, Ileana M."],"dc:date":["2000-03-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description":["Dept. of Chemical Engineering","M. S.; A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science."],"dc:description.abstract":["The Copper Hill Basin area in Polk County, Tennessee has been severely impacted by more than a century of mining. The water found in the streams in this area is polluted with dissolved metals and sulfates. Burra-Burra Creek is one of the various waterways impacted and is located within the 130 km2 area of deserted mines in the Copper Basin. This stream is fed from runoff and mine seepage; the stream is acidic and the metal concentration is high in comparison to the concentrations in other streams in the immediate area. The use of constructed wetlands to treat acidic mine seepage was explored aggressively in the 1980's. Several artificial wetlands were constructed and some guidelines for wetlands design were developed. These guidelines were neither consistent with each other nor widely accepted. However, constructed wetlands have been hailed as a cost effective method to treat wastewater. This paper explores a wetland design to treat the waters of Burra-Burra Creek. The site of the proposed constructed wetlands is located just downstream from the junction of Burra-Burra Creek and McPherson Branch. The constructed wetland design is based on stream quality data collected between 1991 - 1994 and incorporates concepts from wetlands constructed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The design consists of an anoxic limestone drain to increase pH and four wetland cells of varying depths to treat the wastewater. This design is expected to raise the pH and to remove the metals to within the ranges specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEP A) for the water treated. The total cost of this project was estimated to be $350,000. This is very reasonable when compared to the cost of constructing a chemical treatment plant that would cost $1,000,000. The annual operational costs of the constructed wetland are estimated to be $73,000 while the annual cost of operating a wastewater treatment plant will be $300,000. It is recommended that this technology be used for this particular creek. In this particular case, a constructed wetland would increase the pH and remove the metals from the creek to acceptable levels. From an economic standpoint, the constructed wetland is feasible."],"dc:identifier":["LB2369.2 .S633 2000","https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/944"],"dc:language":["English","eng"],"dc:publisher":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","Chattanooga (Tenn.)"],"dc:relation":["Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations"],"dc:rights":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Constructed wetlands--Tennessee--Polk County","Acid mine drainage--Tennessee--Polk County","Water quality management","Copper mines and mining"],"dc:title":["The technical and economic feasibility of constructing an artificial wetland for Burra-Burra Creek in Ducktown Tennessee"],"dc:type":["Masters theses","Text"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:47:21Z"}