Particularly considering the ongoing changes in legalization, there has been a growing prevalence of cannabis use among college students. Similarly, students have endorsed increased mental health concerns following the COVID-19 pandemic. Resulting in a cycle of harmful use, research has supported a positive relationship between negative affect and cannabis-related negative outcomes. Protective behavioral strategies for marijuana (PBSM) have been successful in reducing cannabis-related negative outcomes; however, the frequency and utility of PBSM use for students experiencing increased negative affect is unknown. Participants included 330 college students (Mage = 19.17) from 12 U.S. universities who were predominately White non-Hispanic (57.9%), and female (67.3%). Using an SEM framework, total PBSM use and its subscales were evaluated as mediators of the effects of negative affect on cannabis use. Invariance testing was conducted to determine if the relationships functioned similarly across cannabis state legalization status. Negative affect demonstrated positive relationships between harmful cannabis use and cannabis-related negative outcomes. These relationships were not mediated by PBSM use but were invariant across cannabis state legalization status. Findings suggest that college students experiencing negative affect are more vulnerable to cannabis-related negative outcomes and should be the focus of campus mental health and harm reduction services.
","abstract_html":"<p>Particularly considering the ongoing changes in legalization, there has been a growing prevalence of cannabis use among college students. Similarly, students have endorsed increased mental health concerns following the COVID-19 pandemic. Resulting in a cycle of harmful use, research has supported a positive relationship between negative affect and cannabis-related negative outcomes. Protective behavioral strategies for marijuana (PBSM) have been successful in reducing cannabis-related negative outcomes; however, the frequency and utility of PBSM use for students experiencing increased negative affect is unknown. Participants included 330 college students (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 19.17) from 12 U.S. universities who were predominately White non-Hispanic (57.9%), and female (67.3%). Using an SEM framework, total PBSM use and its subscales were evaluated as mediators of the effects of negative affect on cannabis use. Invariance testing was conducted to determine if the relationships functioned similarly across cannabis state legalization status. Negative affect demonstrated positive relationships between harmful cannabis use and cannabis-related negative outcomes. These relationships were not mediated by PBSM use but were invariant across cannabis state legalization status. Findings suggest that college students experiencing negative affect are more vulnerable to cannabis-related negative outcomes and should be the focus of campus mental health and harm reduction services.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Haga, Morgan"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":"Masters Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ashley Jones","Michael Madson","Eric Dahlen"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2025-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:47Z","subjects":["substance use","mental health","harm reduction"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/1118","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ashley Jones","Michael Madson","Eric Dahlen"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Haga, Morgan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-12-17T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["substance use","mental health","harm reduction"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/1118"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Particularly considering the ongoing changes in legalization, there has been a growing prevalence of cannabis use among college students. Similarly, students have endorsed increased mental health concerns following the COVID-19 pandemic. Resulting in a cycle of harmful use, research has supported a positive relationship between negative affect and cannabis-related negative outcomes. Protective behavioral strategies for marijuana (PBSM) have been successful in reducing cannabis-related negative outcomes; however, the frequency and utility of PBSM use for students experiencing increased negative affect is unknown. Participants included 330 college students (Mage = 19.17) from 12 U.S. universities who were predominately White non-Hispanic (57.9%), and female (67.3%). Using an SEM framework, total PBSM use and its subscales were evaluated as mediators of the effects of negative affect on cannabis use. Invariance testing was conducted to determine if the relationships functioned similarly across cannabis state legalization status. Negative affect demonstrated positive relationships between harmful cannabis use and cannabis-related negative outcomes. These relationships were not mediated by PBSM use but were invariant across cannabis state legalization status. Findings suggest that college students experiencing negative affect are more vulnerable to cannabis-related negative outcomes and should be the focus of campus mental health and harm reduction services.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Negative Affect and Cannabis Use Outcomes in College Students: The Mediating Effect of Protective Behavioral Strategies"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ashley Jones","Michael Madson","Eric Dahlen"],"dc:creator":["Haga, Morgan"],"dc:date.available":["2024-12-17T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Particularly considering the ongoing changes in legalization, there has been a growing prevalence of cannabis use among college students. Similarly, students have endorsed increased mental health concerns following the COVID-19 pandemic. Resulting in a cycle of harmful use, research has supported a positive relationship between negative affect and cannabis-related negative outcomes. Protective behavioral strategies for marijuana (PBSM) have been successful in reducing cannabis-related negative outcomes; however, the frequency and utility of PBSM use for students experiencing increased negative affect is unknown. Participants included 330 college students (Mage = 19.17) from 12 U.S. universities who were predominately White non-Hispanic (57.9%), and female (67.3%). Using an SEM framework, total PBSM use and its subscales were evaluated as mediators of the effects of negative affect on cannabis use. Invariance testing was conducted to determine if the relationships functioned similarly across cannabis state legalization status. Negative affect demonstrated positive relationships between harmful cannabis use and cannabis-related negative outcomes. These relationships were not mediated by PBSM use but were invariant across cannabis state legalization status. Findings suggest that college students experiencing negative affect are more vulnerable to cannabis-related negative outcomes and should be the focus of campus mental health and harm reduction services.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/1118"],"dc:subject":["substance use","mental health","harm reduction"],"dc:title":["Negative Affect and Cannabis Use Outcomes in College Students: The Mediating Effect of Protective Behavioral Strategies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:47Z"}