This thesis explores the phenomenon of “carnival infection” depicted in Lucy Clifford’s “The New Mother” (1882) and the anonymously published The Mountebank’s Children (1866). Clifford’s “The New Mother” portrays how Turkey and Blue-Eyes, the sibling protagonists, become infected with a carnival sickness after encountering a village girl in proximity to a carnivalesque village. Similarly in The Mountebank’s Children, Freddy and Milly, the protagonists, are infected with a carnival sickness by their mother, who raises them in a circus. Throughout the nineteenth century, infection and disease transmission were major anxieties in Victorian society. This influenced Victorians to assign terms such as “poverty,” “dirty,” and “corrupt” to people who they believed were more inclined to contract an infection. “Poverty,” “dirty,” and “corrupt” were terms also associated with carnivals, which influenced people opposed to carnivals such as Evangelical Christians and Traditionists to believe carnivals were vectors of disease. “The New Mother” and The Mountebank’s Children not only demonstrate how carnival infection is transmitted, but they also suggest that cleanliness, avoidance, and prayer were actions that could be taken to prevent this infection.
","abstract_html":"<p>This thesis explores the phenomenon of “carnival infection” depicted in Lucy Clifford’s “The New Mother” (1882) and the anonymously published <em>The Mountebank’s Children </em>(1866). Clifford’s “The New Mother” portrays how Turkey and Blue-Eyes, the sibling protagonists, become infected with a carnival sickness after encountering a village girl in proximity to a carnivalesque village. Similarly in <em>The Mountebank’s Children</em>, Freddy and Milly, the protagonists, are infected with a carnival sickness by their mother, who raises them in a circus. Throughout the nineteenth century, infection and disease transmission were major anxieties in Victorian society. This influenced Victorians to assign terms such as “poverty,” “dirty,” and “corrupt” to people who they believed were more inclined to contract an infection. “Poverty,” “dirty,” and “corrupt” were terms also associated with carnivals, which influenced people opposed to carnivals such as Evangelical Christians and Traditionists to believe carnivals were vectors of disease. “The New Mother” and <em>The Mountebank’s Children </em>not only demonstrate how carnival infection is transmitted, but they also suggest that cleanliness, avoidance, and prayer were actions that could be taken to prevent this infection.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Watkins, VeAndre"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":"Masters Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Eric Tribunella","Nicolle Jordan","Alexandra Valint"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-12-07T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2023-12-07T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:40Z","subjects":["carnival","circus","Victorian","infection","sickness","contagion","Children's and Young Adult Literature","Community Health and Preventive Medicine","History of Science, Technology, and Medicine","Literature in English, British Isles","Social History"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/1008","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Eric Tribunella","Nicolle Jordan","Alexandra Valint"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Watkins, VeAndre"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2028-10-17T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["carnival","circus","Victorian","infection","sickness","contagion","Children's and Young Adult Literature","Community Health and Preventive Medicine","History of Science, Technology, and Medicine","Literature in English, British Isles","Social History"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/1008"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This thesis explores the phenomenon of “carnival infection” depicted in Lucy Clifford’s “The New Mother” (1882) and the anonymously published The Mountebank’s Children (1866). Clifford’s “The New Mother” portrays how Turkey and Blue-Eyes, the sibling protagonists, become infected with a carnival sickness after encountering a village girl in proximity to a carnivalesque village. Similarly in The Mountebank’s Children, Freddy and Milly, the protagonists, are infected with a carnival sickness by their mother, who raises them in a circus. Throughout the nineteenth century, infection and disease transmission were major anxieties in Victorian society. This influenced Victorians to assign terms such as “poverty,” “dirty,” and “corrupt” to people who they believed were more inclined to contract an infection. “Poverty,” “dirty,” and “corrupt” were terms also associated with carnivals, which influenced people opposed to carnivals such as Evangelical Christians and Traditionists to believe carnivals were vectors of disease. “The New Mother” and The Mountebank’s Children not only demonstrate how carnival infection is transmitted, but they also suggest that cleanliness, avoidance, and prayer were actions that could be taken to prevent this infection.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["“THIS UNHALLOWED SOURCE OF ENTERTAINMENT” ; CARNIVAL INFECTION IN THE MOUNTEBANK’S CHILDREN AND “THE NEW MOTHER”"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Eric Tribunella","Nicolle Jordan","Alexandra Valint"],"dc:creator":["Watkins, VeAndre"],"dc:date.available":["2028-10-17T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["This thesis explores the phenomenon of “carnival infection” depicted in Lucy Clifford’s “The New Mother” (1882) and the anonymously published The Mountebank’s Children (1866). Clifford’s “The New Mother” portrays how Turkey and Blue-Eyes, the sibling protagonists, become infected with a carnival sickness after encountering a village girl in proximity to a carnivalesque village. Similarly in The Mountebank’s Children, Freddy and Milly, the protagonists, are infected with a carnival sickness by their mother, who raises them in a circus. Throughout the nineteenth century, infection and disease transmission were major anxieties in Victorian society. This influenced Victorians to assign terms such as “poverty,” “dirty,” and “corrupt” to people who they believed were more inclined to contract an infection. “Poverty,” “dirty,” and “corrupt” were terms also associated with carnivals, which influenced people opposed to carnivals such as Evangelical Christians and Traditionists to believe carnivals were vectors of disease. “The New Mother” and The Mountebank’s Children not only demonstrate how carnival infection is transmitted, but they also suggest that cleanliness, avoidance, and prayer were actions that could be taken to prevent this infection.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/1008"],"dc:subject":["carnival","circus","Victorian","infection","sickness","contagion","Children's and Young Adult Literature","Community Health and Preventive Medicine","History of Science, Technology, and Medicine","Literature in English, British Isles","Social History"],"dc:title":["“THIS UNHALLOWED SOURCE OF ENTERTAINMENT” ; CARNIVAL INFECTION IN THE MOUNTEBANK’S CHILDREN AND “THE NEW MOTHER”"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:40Z"}