A well-preserved remnant of an ancient bald cypress forest (hereafter, Underwater Forest) constitutes the only known archive of a glacial refuge on the once exposed continental shelf of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. This forest existed around 41-72 yBP (MIS 3-5) according to the existing dating methods applied on previous studies. As the climate conditions and sea levels changed, the vegetation of this glacial refuge shifted from bald cypress forests to open marshes, altering the vegetation dynamics. The present research analyzed four new cores (21DF-5A, 21DF-5B, 15DF-6, and 16DF-3A), which provided additional insights into the vegetation that once existed in this Late Pleistocene forest. Comparative analysis was conducted on the four analyzed cores with the 15DF-1 and 15DF-3 cores taken previously from the study area, and these shared strong similarities in vegetation composition and transitional patterns. In all cores, high percentages of Taxodium were evident, resembling a cypress backwater forest that later transitioned to grass dominant environment with high percentages of Poaceae. Cores 16DF-3A and 15DF-6 contain the no-modern analog cypress-alder communities previously described in 15DF-1. Since the pollen assemblages shared strong similarities, the sediments present in these cores correspond to the same event, and existed either 72,000 yBP according to the OSL dating method, or 41-45,000 yBP as determined by the radiocarbon (14C) technique. Additional dating is necessary to establish an accurate date for the existence and burial of this forest, thus allowing a complete story to be told.
","abstract_html":"<p>A well-preserved remnant of an ancient bald cypress forest (hereafter, Underwater Forest) constitutes the only known archive of a glacial refuge on the once exposed continental shelf of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. This forest existed around 41-72 yBP (MIS 3-5) according to the existing dating methods applied on previous studies. As the climate conditions and sea levels changed, the vegetation of this glacial refuge shifted from bald cypress forests to open marshes, altering the vegetation dynamics. The present research analyzed four new cores (21DF-5A, 21DF-5B, 15DF-6, and 16DF-3A), which provided additional insights into the vegetation that once existed in this Late Pleistocene forest. Comparative analysis was conducted on the four analyzed cores with the 15DF-1 and 15DF-3 cores taken previously from the study area, and these shared strong similarities in vegetation composition and transitional patterns. In all cores, high percentages of <em>Taxodium</em> were evident, resembling a cypress backwater forest that later transitioned to grass dominant environment with high percentages of Poaceae. Cores 16DF-3A and 15DF-6 contain the no-modern analog cypress-alder communities previously described in 15DF-1. Since the pollen assemblages shared strong similarities, the sediments present in these cores correspond to the same event, and existed either 72,000 yBP according to the OSL dating method, or 41-45,000 yBP as determined by the radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) technique. Additional dating is necessary to establish an accurate date for the existence and burial of this forest, thus allowing a complete story to be told.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lizarraga Garcia, Karla"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Masters Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Andy Reese","David Cochran","George Raber"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-05-03T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2023-05-03T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:40Z","subjects":["Late Pleistocene","Paleovegetation","Gulf of Mexico","Cypress","Glacial Forest","Other Geography","Paleontology","Physical and Environmental Geography"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/976","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Andy Reese","David Cochran","George Raber"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lizarraga Garcia, Karla"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2023-07-01T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Late Pleistocene","Paleovegetation","Gulf of Mexico","Cypress","Glacial Forest","Other Geography","Paleontology","Physical and Environmental Geography"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/976"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A well-preserved remnant of an ancient bald cypress forest (hereafter, Underwater Forest) constitutes the only known archive of a glacial refuge on the once exposed continental shelf of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. This forest existed around 41-72 yBP (MIS 3-5) according to the existing dating methods applied on previous studies. As the climate conditions and sea levels changed, the vegetation of this glacial refuge shifted from bald cypress forests to open marshes, altering the vegetation dynamics. The present research analyzed four new cores (21DF-5A, 21DF-5B, 15DF-6, and 16DF-3A), which provided additional insights into the vegetation that once existed in this Late Pleistocene forest. Comparative analysis was conducted on the four analyzed cores with the 15DF-1 and 15DF-3 cores taken previously from the study area, and these shared strong similarities in vegetation composition and transitional patterns. In all cores, high percentages of Taxodium were evident, resembling a cypress backwater forest that later transitioned to grass dominant environment with high percentages of Poaceae. Cores 16DF-3A and 15DF-6 contain the no-modern analog cypress-alder communities previously described in 15DF-1. Since the pollen assemblages shared strong similarities, the sediments present in these cores correspond to the same event, and existed either 72,000 yBP according to the OSL dating method, or 41-45,000 yBP as determined by the radiocarbon (14C) technique. Additional dating is necessary to establish an accurate date for the existence and burial of this forest, thus allowing a complete story to be told.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PALEOVEGETATION OF THE ANCIENT UNDERWATER FOREST LOCATED IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Andy Reese","David Cochran","George Raber"],"dc:creator":["Lizarraga Garcia, Karla"],"dc:date.available":["2023-07-01T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["A well-preserved remnant of an ancient bald cypress forest (hereafter, Underwater Forest) constitutes the only known archive of a glacial refuge on the once exposed continental shelf of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. This forest existed around 41-72 yBP (MIS 3-5) according to the existing dating methods applied on previous studies. As the climate conditions and sea levels changed, the vegetation of this glacial refuge shifted from bald cypress forests to open marshes, altering the vegetation dynamics. The present research analyzed four new cores (21DF-5A, 21DF-5B, 15DF-6, and 16DF-3A), which provided additional insights into the vegetation that once existed in this Late Pleistocene forest. Comparative analysis was conducted on the four analyzed cores with the 15DF-1 and 15DF-3 cores taken previously from the study area, and these shared strong similarities in vegetation composition and transitional patterns. In all cores, high percentages of Taxodium were evident, resembling a cypress backwater forest that later transitioned to grass dominant environment with high percentages of Poaceae. Cores 16DF-3A and 15DF-6 contain the no-modern analog cypress-alder communities previously described in 15DF-1. Since the pollen assemblages shared strong similarities, the sediments present in these cores correspond to the same event, and existed either 72,000 yBP according to the OSL dating method, or 41-45,000 yBP as determined by the radiocarbon (14C) technique. Additional dating is necessary to establish an accurate date for the existence and burial of this forest, thus allowing a complete story to be told.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/976"],"dc:subject":["Late Pleistocene","Paleovegetation","Gulf of Mexico","Cypress","Glacial Forest","Other Geography","Paleontology","Physical and Environmental Geography"],"dc:title":["NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PALEOVEGETATION OF THE ANCIENT UNDERWATER FOREST LOCATED IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:40Z"}