The Gulf of Mexico is an important early life habitat for billfishes, whose larvae experience high growth rates despite having highly specialized diets, limited foraging abilities, and oligotrophic offshore habitats. Variability in the recent growth of sailfish larvae was compared to environmental, spatial, diet, prey availability, and fatty acid metrics using data collected from near-surface waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico (2017 - 2019). Larvae exhibited a highly selective feeding strategy in early development and expanded their feeding niche to include larger prey items (calanoid copepods, larval fish) once they reached flexion. Sailfish larvae showed significant positive selection for Evadne and female Farranula. To examine quality of preferred prey and condition of sailfish larvae, fatty acid concentrations were examined as fatty acid methyl esters. Results indicated that total fatty acid concentration of preferred prey was highest closest to shore with a trend for lower total fatty acid concentration further offshore. Additionally, Evadne had lower DHA% and higher AA% than did Farranula or Corycaeus. While DHA%, EPA%, and AA% increased in the tissue of sailfish larvae with ontogeny, total fatty acid remained consistent. Recent larval growth was estimated by otolith increment analysis and was higher when more prey were consumed, when dissolved oxygen concentrations were greater, and when larvae were found in anticyclonic boundary regions. This is the first study to examine and report sex-specific selection of zooplankton prey by sailfish larvae, and to examine the fatty acids of sailfish larvae and their preferred prey.
","abstract_html":"<p>The Gulf of Mexico is an important early life habitat for billfishes, whose larvae experience high growth rates despite having highly specialized diets, limited foraging abilities, and oligotrophic offshore habitats. Variability in the recent growth of sailfish larvae was compared to environmental, spatial, diet, prey availability, and fatty acid metrics using data collected from near-surface waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico (2017 - 2019). Larvae exhibited a highly selective feeding strategy in early development and expanded their feeding niche to include larger prey items (calanoid copepods, larval fish) once they reached flexion. Sailfish larvae showed significant positive selection for <em>Evadne</em> and female <em>Farranula.</em> To examine quality of preferred prey and condition of sailfish larvae, fatty acid concentrations were examined as fatty acid methyl esters. Results indicated that total fatty acid concentration of preferred prey was highest closest to shore with a trend for lower total fatty acid concentration further offshore. Additionally, <em>Evadne</em> had lower DHA% and higher AA% than did <em>Farranula</em> or <em>Corycaeus. </em>While<em> </em>DHA%, EPA%, and AA% increased in the tissue of sailfish larvae with ontogeny, total fatty acid remained consistent. Recent larval growth was estimated by otolith increment analysis and was higher when more prey were consumed, when dissolved oxygen concentrations were greater, and when larvae were found in anticyclonic boundary regions. This is the first study to examine and report sex-specific selection of zooplankton prey by sailfish larvae, and to examine the fatty acids of sailfish larvae and their preferred prey.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hugi, April"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Masters Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Frank Hernandez","Dr. Chet Rakocinski","Dr. Simon Geist"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-05-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2022-05-14T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:33Z","subjects":["Istiophorid","Sex-specific prey selection","oligotrophic","mesoscale feature","essential fatty acid"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/891","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Frank Hernandez","Dr. Chet Rakocinski","Dr. Simon Geist"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hugi, April"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2023-06-01T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Istiophorid","Sex-specific prey selection","oligotrophic","mesoscale feature","essential fatty acid"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/891"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The Gulf of Mexico is an important early life habitat for billfishes, whose larvae experience high growth rates despite having highly specialized diets, limited foraging abilities, and oligotrophic offshore habitats. Variability in the recent growth of sailfish larvae was compared to environmental, spatial, diet, prey availability, and fatty acid metrics using data collected from near-surface waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico (2017 - 2019). Larvae exhibited a highly selective feeding strategy in early development and expanded their feeding niche to include larger prey items (calanoid copepods, larval fish) once they reached flexion. Sailfish larvae showed significant positive selection for Evadne and female Farranula. To examine quality of preferred prey and condition of sailfish larvae, fatty acid concentrations were examined as fatty acid methyl esters. Results indicated that total fatty acid concentration of preferred prey was highest closest to shore with a trend for lower total fatty acid concentration further offshore. Additionally, Evadne had lower DHA% and higher AA% than did Farranula or Corycaeus. While DHA%, EPA%, and AA% increased in the tissue of sailfish larvae with ontogeny, total fatty acid remained consistent. Recent larval growth was estimated by otolith increment analysis and was higher when more prey were consumed, when dissolved oxygen concentrations were greater, and when larvae were found in anticyclonic boundary regions. This is the first study to examine and report sex-specific selection of zooplankton prey by sailfish larvae, and to examine the fatty acids of sailfish larvae and their preferred prey.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF SAILFISH LARVAE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO: AN ANALYSIS OF DIET, PREY AVAILABILITY, PREY QUALITY, AND INFLUENCES ON LARVAL GROWTH"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Frank Hernandez","Dr. Chet Rakocinski","Dr. Simon Geist"],"dc:creator":["Hugi, April"],"dc:date.available":["2023-06-01T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The Gulf of Mexico is an important early life habitat for billfishes, whose larvae experience high growth rates despite having highly specialized diets, limited foraging abilities, and oligotrophic offshore habitats. Variability in the recent growth of sailfish larvae was compared to environmental, spatial, diet, prey availability, and fatty acid metrics using data collected from near-surface waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico (2017 - 2019). Larvae exhibited a highly selective feeding strategy in early development and expanded their feeding niche to include larger prey items (calanoid copepods, larval fish) once they reached flexion. Sailfish larvae showed significant positive selection for Evadne and female Farranula. To examine quality of preferred prey and condition of sailfish larvae, fatty acid concentrations were examined as fatty acid methyl esters. Results indicated that total fatty acid concentration of preferred prey was highest closest to shore with a trend for lower total fatty acid concentration further offshore. Additionally, Evadne had lower DHA% and higher AA% than did Farranula or Corycaeus. While DHA%, EPA%, and AA% increased in the tissue of sailfish larvae with ontogeny, total fatty acid remained consistent. Recent larval growth was estimated by otolith increment analysis and was higher when more prey were consumed, when dissolved oxygen concentrations were greater, and when larvae were found in anticyclonic boundary regions. This is the first study to examine and report sex-specific selection of zooplankton prey by sailfish larvae, and to examine the fatty acids of sailfish larvae and their preferred prey.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/891"],"dc:subject":["Istiophorid","Sex-specific prey selection","oligotrophic","mesoscale feature","essential fatty acid"],"dc:title":["TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF SAILFISH LARVAE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO: AN ANALYSIS OF DIET, PREY AVAILABILITY, PREY QUALITY, AND INFLUENCES ON LARVAL GROWTH"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:33Z"}