Fillers are used ubiquitously throughout the fields of polymer and material science to overcome many inherent limitations to polymeric materials (i.e. poor stiffness or strength) and to expand their potential applications. There is a need to develop controllable particle architectures to better understand fundamental structure-property relationships in particle reinforced polymer composites. Charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) can assemble in situ into various needle and dendritic shapes via simple fabrication processes and at low loading levels. In this study, the effect of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) CTC crystallites of various shapes and sizes on composite mechanical properties was investigated in an LDPE (low density polyethylene) polymer matrix. The CTC morphology was selectively controlled via the concentration, compression-molding temperature, or cooling rate to form needle and highly branched dendritic micro-crystallites. Optical imaging was used visualize the microstructure of the CTC crystallites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm complexation of the TTF-TCNQ via shifts in the aromatic C-H and nitrile stretches in the composite samples. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results show that the presence of the CTC inclusions does not affect LDPE crystallization. In general, there was no observed difference between in the modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength between controls and the composite samples cooled at their corresponding rates. However, the elongation at break for the dendritic composites appeared to decrease as a function of dendrite size. Interestingly in some cases, the mechanical properties had a slight dependence on the CTC concentration and not particle morphology.
","abstract_html":"<p>Fillers are used ubiquitously throughout the fields of polymer and material science to overcome many inherent limitations to polymeric materials (i.e. poor stiffness or strength) and to expand their potential applications. There is a need to develop controllable particle architectures to better understand fundamental structure-property relationships in particle reinforced polymer composites. Charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) can assemble <em>in situ</em> into various needle and dendritic shapes via simple fabrication processes and at low loading levels. In this study, the effect of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) CTC crystallites of various shapes and sizes on composite mechanical properties was investigated in an LDPE (low density polyethylene) polymer matrix. The CTC morphology was selectively controlled via the concentration, compression-molding temperature, or cooling rate to form needle and highly branched dendritic micro-crystallites. Optical imaging was used visualize the microstructure of the CTC crystallites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm complexation of the TTF-TCNQ via shifts in the aromatic C-H and nitrile stretches in the composite samples. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results show that the presence of the CTC inclusions does not affect LDPE crystallization. In general, there was no observed difference between in the modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength between controls and the composite samples cooled at their corresponding rates. However, the elongation at break for the dendritic composites appeared to decrease as a function of dendrite size. Interestingly in some cases, the mechanical properties had a slight dependence on the CTC concentration and not particle morphology.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Korf, Wade"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Masters Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Yoan Simon","Dr. Sergei Nazarenko","Dr. Xiaodan Gu"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2020-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:19Z","subjects":["polymer composites","charge-transfer complexes","morphology","Polymer and Organic Materials","Polymer Chemistry"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/734","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Yoan Simon","Dr. Sergei Nazarenko","Dr. Xiaodan Gu"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Korf, Wade"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2020-05-14T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["polymer composites","charge-transfer complexes","morphology","Polymer and Organic Materials","Polymer Chemistry"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/734"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Fillers are used ubiquitously throughout the fields of polymer and material science to overcome many inherent limitations to polymeric materials (i.e. poor stiffness or strength) and to expand their potential applications. There is a need to develop controllable particle architectures to better understand fundamental structure-property relationships in particle reinforced polymer composites. Charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) can assemble in situ into various needle and dendritic shapes via simple fabrication processes and at low loading levels. In this study, the effect of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) CTC crystallites of various shapes and sizes on composite mechanical properties was investigated in an LDPE (low density polyethylene) polymer matrix. The CTC morphology was selectively controlled via the concentration, compression-molding temperature, or cooling rate to form needle and highly branched dendritic micro-crystallites. Optical imaging was used visualize the microstructure of the CTC crystallites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm complexation of the TTF-TCNQ via shifts in the aromatic C-H and nitrile stretches in the composite samples. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results show that the presence of the CTC inclusions does not affect LDPE crystallization. In general, there was no observed difference between in the modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength between controls and the composite samples cooled at their corresponding rates. However, the elongation at break for the dendritic composites appeared to decrease as a function of dendrite size. Interestingly in some cases, the mechanical properties had a slight dependence on the CTC concentration and not particle morphology.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigation on the Morphology of Charge-Transfer Complexes in Low Density Polyethylene"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Yoan Simon","Dr. Sergei Nazarenko","Dr. Xiaodan Gu"],"dc:creator":["Korf, Wade"],"dc:date.available":["2020-05-14T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Fillers are used ubiquitously throughout the fields of polymer and material science to overcome many inherent limitations to polymeric materials (i.e. poor stiffness or strength) and to expand their potential applications. There is a need to develop controllable particle architectures to better understand fundamental structure-property relationships in particle reinforced polymer composites. Charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) can assemble in situ into various needle and dendritic shapes via simple fabrication processes and at low loading levels. In this study, the effect of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) CTC crystallites of various shapes and sizes on composite mechanical properties was investigated in an LDPE (low density polyethylene) polymer matrix. The CTC morphology was selectively controlled via the concentration, compression-molding temperature, or cooling rate to form needle and highly branched dendritic micro-crystallites. Optical imaging was used visualize the microstructure of the CTC crystallites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm complexation of the TTF-TCNQ via shifts in the aromatic C-H and nitrile stretches in the composite samples. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results show that the presence of the CTC inclusions does not affect LDPE crystallization. In general, there was no observed difference between in the modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength between controls and the composite samples cooled at their corresponding rates. However, the elongation at break for the dendritic composites appeared to decrease as a function of dendrite size. Interestingly in some cases, the mechanical properties had a slight dependence on the CTC concentration and not particle morphology.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/734"],"dc:subject":["polymer composites","charge-transfer complexes","morphology","Polymer and Organic Materials","Polymer Chemistry"],"dc:title":["Investigation on the Morphology of Charge-Transfer Complexes in Low Density Polyethylene"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:45:19Z"}