The Giant Jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai, is a large-bodied bloom-forming jellyfish that occurs in the semi-enclosed basins of the East Asian Marginal Seas. N. nomurai has bloomed more frequently in the past 20 years than in any period previously recorded. In Japan, recent N. nomurai blooms were responsible for millions of dollars in lost revenue and equipment damage to commercial fisheries alone. This study statistically analyzed 21 environmental factors in connection with N. nomurai occurrence (using occurrence as a proxy for blooms). Eight factors resulted in a statistically significant or marginally significant (p ≤ 0.10), linear or non-linear relationship with jellyfish occurrence. Significant linear factors were jellyfish aquaculture, kelp aquaculture, benthic structures, Pacific saury fisheries and shellfish fisheries. Significant non-linear factors were chub mackerel, jellyfish, Ohkotsk mackerel fisheries. Jellyfish aquaculture and jellyfish fisheries target Rhopilema esculentum, a very similar species to N. nomurai, and the results of the analysis show that the two species are intertwined ecologically. One of the factors with a significant relationship, jellyfish aquaculture, matched the expected trend (positive linear correlation). Three non-linear significant relationships resulted in a partial confirmation of the expected trend. The results and lack of expected response is likely at least partially due to limitations of the N. nomurai data. The jellyfish dataset was left skewed, and when summarized by year (average occurrences/year), was reduced to nine data points. Analysis of more jellyfish occurrence data, along with continued exploration of the statistical relationships with aquaculture, fishing, and coastal development, is recommended.
","abstract_html":"<p>The Giant Jellyfish, <em>Nemopilema nomurai</em>, is a large-bodied bloom-forming jellyfish that occurs in the semi-enclosed basins of the East Asian Marginal Seas. <em>N. nomurai</em> has bloomed more frequently in the past 20 years than in any period previously recorded. In Japan, recent <em>N. nomurai</em> blooms were responsible for millions of dollars in lost revenue and equipment damage to commercial fisheries alone. This study statistically analyzed 21 environmental factors in connection with <em>N. nomurai</em> occurrence (using occurrence as a proxy for blooms). Eight factors resulted in a statistically significant or marginally significant (p ≤ 0.10), linear or non-linear relationship with jellyfish occurrence. Significant linear factors were jellyfish aquaculture, kelp aquaculture, benthic structures, Pacific saury fisheries and shellfish fisheries. Significant non-linear factors were chub mackerel, jellyfish, Ohkotsk mackerel fisheries. Jellyfish aquaculture and jellyfish fisheries target <em>Rhopilema esculentum</em>, a very similar species to <em>N. nomurai</em>, and the results of the analysis show that the two species are intertwined ecologically. One of the factors with a significant relationship, jellyfish aquaculture, matched the expected trend (positive linear correlation). Three non-linear significant relationships resulted in a partial confirmation of the expected trend. The results and lack of expected response is likely at least partially due to limitations of the <em>N. nomurai</em> data. The jellyfish dataset was left skewed, and when summarized by year (average occurrences/year), was reduced to nine data points. Analysis of more jellyfish occurrence data, along with continued exploration of the statistical relationships with aquaculture, fishing, and coastal development, is recommended.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Yoder, Naomi"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Masters Thesis","degree_discipline":"Ocean Science and Technology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["William Graham","Danielle Greenhow","Vernon Asper"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-12-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-12-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:44:41Z","subjects":["Nemopilema nomurai","jellyfish blooms","medusae","rhizostomes","Aquaculture and Fisheries","Biology","Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","Marine Biology","Oceanography"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/264","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["William Graham","Danielle Greenhow","Vernon Asper"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Yoder, Naomi"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-12-16T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Ocean Science and Technology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Nemopilema nomurai","jellyfish blooms","medusae","rhizostomes","Aquaculture and Fisheries","Biology","Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","Marine Biology","Oceanography"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/264"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The Giant Jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai, is a large-bodied bloom-forming jellyfish that occurs in the semi-enclosed basins of the East Asian Marginal Seas. N. nomurai has bloomed more frequently in the past 20 years than in any period previously recorded. In Japan, recent N. nomurai blooms were responsible for millions of dollars in lost revenue and equipment damage to commercial fisheries alone. This study statistically analyzed 21 environmental factors in connection with N. nomurai occurrence (using occurrence as a proxy for blooms). Eight factors resulted in a statistically significant or marginally significant (p ≤ 0.10), linear or non-linear relationship with jellyfish occurrence. Significant linear factors were jellyfish aquaculture, kelp aquaculture, benthic structures, Pacific saury fisheries and shellfish fisheries. Significant non-linear factors were chub mackerel, jellyfish, Ohkotsk mackerel fisheries. Jellyfish aquaculture and jellyfish fisheries target Rhopilema esculentum, a very similar species to N. nomurai, and the results of the analysis show that the two species are intertwined ecologically. One of the factors with a significant relationship, jellyfish aquaculture, matched the expected trend (positive linear correlation). Three non-linear significant relationships resulted in a partial confirmation of the expected trend. The results and lack of expected response is likely at least partially due to limitations of the N. nomurai data. The jellyfish dataset was left skewed, and when summarized by year (average occurrences/year), was reduced to nine data points. Analysis of more jellyfish occurrence data, along with continued exploration of the statistical relationships with aquaculture, fishing, and coastal development, is recommended.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Bloom or Bust: Retrospective Analysis of the Giant Jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae), Ecology in the East Asian Marginal Seas"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["William Graham","Danielle Greenhow","Vernon Asper"],"dc:creator":["Yoder, Naomi"],"dc:date.available":["2017-12-16T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The Giant Jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai, is a large-bodied bloom-forming jellyfish that occurs in the semi-enclosed basins of the East Asian Marginal Seas. N. nomurai has bloomed more frequently in the past 20 years than in any period previously recorded. In Japan, recent N. nomurai blooms were responsible for millions of dollars in lost revenue and equipment damage to commercial fisheries alone. This study statistically analyzed 21 environmental factors in connection with N. nomurai occurrence (using occurrence as a proxy for blooms). Eight factors resulted in a statistically significant or marginally significant (p ≤ 0.10), linear or non-linear relationship with jellyfish occurrence. Significant linear factors were jellyfish aquaculture, kelp aquaculture, benthic structures, Pacific saury fisheries and shellfish fisheries. Significant non-linear factors were chub mackerel, jellyfish, Ohkotsk mackerel fisheries. Jellyfish aquaculture and jellyfish fisheries target Rhopilema esculentum, a very similar species to N. nomurai, and the results of the analysis show that the two species are intertwined ecologically. One of the factors with a significant relationship, jellyfish aquaculture, matched the expected trend (positive linear correlation). Three non-linear significant relationships resulted in a partial confirmation of the expected trend. The results and lack of expected response is likely at least partially due to limitations of the N. nomurai data. The jellyfish dataset was left skewed, and when summarized by year (average occurrences/year), was reduced to nine data points. Analysis of more jellyfish occurrence data, along with continued exploration of the statistical relationships with aquaculture, fishing, and coastal development, is recommended.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/264"],"dc:subject":["Nemopilema nomurai","jellyfish blooms","medusae","rhizostomes","Aquaculture and Fisheries","Biology","Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","Marine Biology","Oceanography"],"dc:title":["Bloom or Bust: Retrospective Analysis of the Giant Jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae), Ecology in the East Asian Marginal Seas"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Ocean Science and Technology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:44:41Z"}