A country’s decision to join or withdraw from environmental cooperation has been argued by interest based theories to be influenced by the economic cost of international agreements, national interest of countries and the free-rider problem. However, this thesis argues that relative gains is a more decisive factor that influences the decision of countries in international arrangements. It hypothesizes that countries in environmental cooperation are concerned about relative gains. A content analysis of the statements of fifteen countries in international climate change cooperation are analyzed. The countries include the United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Japan, Australia, China, Brazil, South Africa, India, Saudi Arabia and five countries from the European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The statements are selected from the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties meetings. The findings show that the fifteen countries are concerned about relative gains in international climate change cooperation and that neorealist relative gains theory of international relations is applicable to environmental cooperation. This thesis therefore suggests that further research needs to be conducted in this area, particularly, future research should test the casual relationship between relative gains and the behavior of countries in environmental cooperation.
","abstract_html":"<p>A country’s decision to join or withdraw from environmental cooperation has been argued by interest based theories to be influenced by the economic cost of international agreements, national interest of countries and the free-rider problem. However, this thesis argues that relative gains is a more decisive factor that influences the decision of countries in international arrangements. It hypothesizes that countries in environmental cooperation are concerned about relative gains. A content analysis of the statements of fifteen countries in international climate change cooperation are analyzed. The countries include the United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Japan, Australia, China, Brazil, South Africa, India, Saudi Arabia and five countries from the European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The statements are selected from the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties meetings. The findings show that the fifteen countries are concerned about relative gains in international climate change cooperation and that neorealist relative gains theory of international relations is applicable to environmental cooperation. This thesis therefore suggests that further research needs to be conducted in this area, particularly, future research should test the casual relationship between relative gains and the behavior of countries in environmental cooperation.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ike, Vivian Chinua Olivia"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":"Masters Thesis","degree_discipline":"Political Science, International Development, and International Affairs","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Joseph Weinberg","Allan McBride","Kathanne Greene"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:44:34Z","subjects":["UNFCCC","Relative Gains","International Relations","Environmental Cooperation","Climate Change","Environmental Studies"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/192","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Joseph Weinberg","Allan McBride","Kathanne Greene"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ike, Vivian Chinua Olivia"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-06-30T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Political Science, International Development, and International Affairs"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["UNFCCC","Relative Gains","International Relations","Environmental Cooperation","Climate Change","Environmental Studies"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/192"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A country’s decision to join or withdraw from environmental cooperation has been argued by interest based theories to be influenced by the economic cost of international agreements, national interest of countries and the free-rider problem. However, this thesis argues that relative gains is a more decisive factor that influences the decision of countries in international arrangements. It hypothesizes that countries in environmental cooperation are concerned about relative gains. A content analysis of the statements of fifteen countries in international climate change cooperation are analyzed. The countries include the United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Japan, Australia, China, Brazil, South Africa, India, Saudi Arabia and five countries from the European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The statements are selected from the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties meetings. The findings show that the fifteen countries are concerned about relative gains in international climate change cooperation and that neorealist relative gains theory of international relations is applicable to environmental cooperation. This thesis therefore suggests that further research needs to be conducted in this area, particularly, future research should test the casual relationship between relative gains and the behavior of countries in environmental cooperation.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Are Countries in Environmental Cooperation Concerned About Relative Gains?"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Joseph Weinberg","Allan McBride","Kathanne Greene"],"dc:creator":["Ike, Vivian Chinua Olivia"],"dc:date.available":["2016-06-30T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["A country’s decision to join or withdraw from environmental cooperation has been argued by interest based theories to be influenced by the economic cost of international agreements, national interest of countries and the free-rider problem. However, this thesis argues that relative gains is a more decisive factor that influences the decision of countries in international arrangements. It hypothesizes that countries in environmental cooperation are concerned about relative gains. A content analysis of the statements of fifteen countries in international climate change cooperation are analyzed. The countries include the United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Japan, Australia, China, Brazil, South Africa, India, Saudi Arabia and five countries from the European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The statements are selected from the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties meetings. The findings show that the fifteen countries are concerned about relative gains in international climate change cooperation and that neorealist relative gains theory of international relations is applicable to environmental cooperation. This thesis therefore suggests that further research needs to be conducted in this area, particularly, future research should test the casual relationship between relative gains and the behavior of countries in environmental cooperation.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/192"],"dc:subject":["UNFCCC","Relative Gains","International Relations","Environmental Cooperation","Climate Change","Environmental Studies"],"dc:title":["Are Countries in Environmental Cooperation Concerned About Relative Gains?"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Political Science, International Development, and International Affairs"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:44:34Z"}