Chemical dispersants are applied to spilled oil in marine environments when other, less controversial, methods are not adequate for the incident. They are considered to be a response method as opposed to a direct cleanup method, with the intended goals of reducing risk of exposure to sensitive shorelines, reducing environmental injury to surface-dwelling sea birds and marine mammals, and facilitating the biodegradation of spilled oil into the water column.
For this research, both surface and subsurface application of dispersants were evaluated in terms of oil characteristics and volume, and oceanic and atmospheric conditions. More data exists to support the effectiveness of chemical dispersant application at surface water oil slicks as opposed to subsurface plumes. However, since Deepwater Horizon in 2010, there have been several hundred scientific research papers published to study subsurface application of oil spill dispersants.
While the efficacy, ecosystem impacts, and ultimate fate of chemical dispersants and dispersed oil generates conflicting opinions in the scientific community, there are measures that could be taken in order to minimize potential impacts. Research that accounts for variable conditions and ecosystems could be initiated, simulating field conditions in laboratory settings, processing data from Deepwater Horizon, and utilizing current response and monitoring protocols.
","abstract_html":"<p>Chemical dispersants are applied to spilled oil in marine environments when other, less controversial, methods are not adequate for the incident. They are considered to be a response method as opposed to a direct cleanup method, with the intended goals of reducing risk of exposure to sensitive shorelines, reducing environmental injury to surface-dwelling sea birds and marine mammals, and facilitating the biodegradation of spilled oil into the water column. </p> <p>For this research, both surface and subsurface application of dispersants were evaluated in terms of oil characteristics and volume, and oceanic and atmospheric conditions. More data exists to support the effectiveness of chemical dispersant application at surface water oil slicks as opposed to subsurface plumes. However, since Deepwater Horizon in 2010, there have been several hundred scientific research papers published to study subsurface application of oil spill dispersants.</p> <p><strong> </strong>While the efficacy, ecosystem impacts, and ultimate fate of chemical dispersants and dispersed oil generates conflicting opinions in the scientific community, there are measures that could be taken in order to minimize potential impacts. Research that accounts for variable conditions and ecosystems could be initiated, simulating field conditions in laboratory settings, processing data from Deepwater Horizon, and utilizing current response and monitoring protocols.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Radpour, Adam V"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Environmental Management (MSEM)","degree_level":"Project/Capstone - Global access","degree_discipline":"Environmental Management","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kathleen W. Jennings","Harry L. Allen III","Maggie Winslow"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-05-22T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2015-05-22T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:43:04Z","subjects":["Chemical Dispersants","Oil Spills","Deepwater Horizon","Marine Pollution","Ecosystem Impacts","Gulf of Mexico","Environmental Health and Protection","Marine Biology","Natural Resources Management and Policy","Oil, Gas, and Energy","Toxicology","Water Resource Management"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://repository.usfca.edu/capstone/131","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kathleen W. Jennings","Harry L. Allen III","Maggie Winslow"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Radpour, Adam V"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2015-05-21T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environmental Management"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Project/Capstone - Global access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Environmental Management (MSEM)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Chemical Dispersants","Oil Spills","Deepwater Horizon","Marine Pollution","Ecosystem Impacts","Gulf of Mexico","Environmental Health and Protection","Marine Biology","Natural Resources Management and Policy","Oil, Gas, and Energy","Toxicology","Water Resource Management"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://repository.usfca.edu/capstone/131"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Chemical dispersants are applied to spilled oil in marine environments when other, less controversial, methods are not adequate for the incident. They are considered to be a response method as opposed to a direct cleanup method, with the intended goals of reducing risk of exposure to sensitive shorelines, reducing environmental injury to surface-dwelling sea birds and marine mammals, and facilitating the biodegradation of spilled oil into the water column.
For this research, both surface and subsurface application of dispersants were evaluated in terms of oil characteristics and volume, and oceanic and atmospheric conditions. More data exists to support the effectiveness of chemical dispersant application at surface water oil slicks as opposed to subsurface plumes. However, since Deepwater Horizon in 2010, there have been several hundred scientific research papers published to study subsurface application of oil spill dispersants.
While the efficacy, ecosystem impacts, and ultimate fate of chemical dispersants and dispersed oil generates conflicting opinions in the scientific community, there are measures that could be taken in order to minimize potential impacts. Research that accounts for variable conditions and ecosystems could be initiated, simulating field conditions in laboratory settings, processing data from Deepwater Horizon, and utilizing current response and monitoring protocols.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Surface and Subsurface Application of Chemical Dispersants and Associated Ecosystem Impacts"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kathleen W. Jennings","Harry L. Allen III","Maggie Winslow"],"dc:creator":["Radpour, Adam V"],"dc:date.available":["2015-05-21T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Chemical dispersants are applied to spilled oil in marine environments when other, less controversial, methods are not adequate for the incident. They are considered to be a response method as opposed to a direct cleanup method, with the intended goals of reducing risk of exposure to sensitive shorelines, reducing environmental injury to surface-dwelling sea birds and marine mammals, and facilitating the biodegradation of spilled oil into the water column.
For this research, both surface and subsurface application of dispersants were evaluated in terms of oil characteristics and volume, and oceanic and atmospheric conditions. More data exists to support the effectiveness of chemical dispersant application at surface water oil slicks as opposed to subsurface plumes. However, since Deepwater Horizon in 2010, there have been several hundred scientific research papers published to study subsurface application of oil spill dispersants.
While the efficacy, ecosystem impacts, and ultimate fate of chemical dispersants and dispersed oil generates conflicting opinions in the scientific community, there are measures that could be taken in order to minimize potential impacts. Research that accounts for variable conditions and ecosystems could be initiated, simulating field conditions in laboratory settings, processing data from Deepwater Horizon, and utilizing current response and monitoring protocols.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://repository.usfca.edu/capstone/131"],"dc:subject":["Chemical Dispersants","Oil Spills","Deepwater Horizon","Marine Pollution","Ecosystem Impacts","Gulf of Mexico","Environmental Health and Protection","Marine Biology","Natural Resources Management and Policy","Oil, Gas, and Energy","Toxicology","Water Resource Management"],"dc:title":["Surface and Subsurface Application of Chemical Dispersants and Associated Ecosystem Impacts"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Environmental Management"],"thesis:degree_level":["Project/Capstone - Global access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Environmental Management (MSEM)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:43:04Z"}