Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe relationships between sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, length of stay, depression screening (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2] or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and the likelihood of post-stroke depression diagnosis among inpatient stroke cases in Northern California.
Background: Current depression screening instruments, which were originally designed for the primary care setting, are being used in the acute stroke setting. Post-stroke depression is often underdiagnosed and can lead to poor stroke outcomes. This study looked at the effectiveness of such instruments in detecting post-stroke depression when administered in the inpatient setting during the acute stroke phase while considering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Methods: Using electronic health record case reviews, this retrospective cross-sectional design described the relationships between select patient sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and use of the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 instruments in detecting post-stroke depression. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample and tests of association described the relationships between the variables. Binomial logistic regression was done to describe the likelihood of post-stroke depression diagnosis (yes, no) accounted for by select sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and use of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 depression screening instruments.
Results: Site of where stroke care was received, history of depression, presence of heart failure, marital status of divorced/separated, as well as the use of PHQ-2 (regardless of score), were associated with the presence of post-stroke depression.
Implications for Research: Future studies need to explore the development of a screening instrument designed specifically for post-stroke depression.
Conclusion: Acute stroke patients with a comorbidity of heart failure, history of depression, are divorced or separated, should be considered as those with a high risk of developing post-stroke depression. Early screening and follow-up must be established to mitigate the risk of underdiagnosing post-stroke depression which can result in sub-optimal or poor stroke care outcomes. In addition, the use of the well-known PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 instruments are not sensitive in detecting post-stroke depression in the acute stroke phase.
","abstract_html":"<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to describe relationships between sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, length of stay, depression screening (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2] or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and the likelihood of post-stroke depression diagnosis among inpatient stroke cases in Northern California. </p> <p><strong>Background:</strong> Current depression screening instruments, which were originally designed for the primary care setting, are being used in the acute stroke setting. Post-stroke depression is often underdiagnosed and can lead to poor stroke outcomes. This study looked at the effectiveness of such instruments in detecting post-stroke depression when administered in the inpatient setting during the acute stroke phase while considering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using electronic health record case reviews, this retrospective cross-sectional design described the relationships between select patient sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and use of the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 instruments in detecting post-stroke depression. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample and tests of association described the relationships between the variables. Binomial logistic regression was done to describe the likelihood of post-stroke depression diagnosis (yes, no) accounted for by select sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and use of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 depression screening instruments.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Site of where stroke care was received, history of depression, presence of heart failure, marital status of divorced/separated, as well as the use of PHQ-2 (regardless of score), were associated with the presence of post-stroke depression.</p> <p><strong>Implications for Research:</strong> Future studies need to explore the development of a screening instrument designed specifically for post-stroke depression.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Acute stroke patients with a comorbidity of heart failure, history of depression, are divorced or separated, should be considered as those with a high risk of developing post-stroke depression. Early screening and follow-up must be established to mitigate the risk of underdiagnosing post-stroke depression which can result in sub-optimal or poor stroke care outcomes. In addition, the use of the well-known PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 instruments are not sensitive in detecting post-stroke depression in the acute stroke phase.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Shahwan Solorzano, Sheryn"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"PhD Nursing","degree_level":"Dissertation: USD Users Only","degree_discipline":"Nursing","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2026,"date_issued":"2026-05-31T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2026-05-31T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:42:05Z","subjects":["Stroke","depression","depression screening","health-related quality of life","acute care","Behavioral Medicine","Critical Care Nursing","Mental and Social Health","Neurology","Neurosurgery","Other Nursing","Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing","Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations/1107","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Shahwan Solorzano, Sheryn"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2028-05-05T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Nursing"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation: USD Users Only"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["PhD Nursing"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Stroke","depression","depression screening","health-related quality of life","acute care","Behavioral Medicine","Critical Care Nursing","Mental and Social Health","Neurology","Neurosurgery","Other Nursing","Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing","Psychology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations/1107"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe relationships between sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, length of stay, depression screening (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2] or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and the likelihood of post-stroke depression diagnosis among inpatient stroke cases in Northern California.
Background: Current depression screening instruments, which were originally designed for the primary care setting, are being used in the acute stroke setting. Post-stroke depression is often underdiagnosed and can lead to poor stroke outcomes. This study looked at the effectiveness of such instruments in detecting post-stroke depression when administered in the inpatient setting during the acute stroke phase while considering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Methods: Using electronic health record case reviews, this retrospective cross-sectional design described the relationships between select patient sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and use of the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 instruments in detecting post-stroke depression. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample and tests of association described the relationships between the variables. Binomial logistic regression was done to describe the likelihood of post-stroke depression diagnosis (yes, no) accounted for by select sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and use of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 depression screening instruments.
Results: Site of where stroke care was received, history of depression, presence of heart failure, marital status of divorced/separated, as well as the use of PHQ-2 (regardless of score), were associated with the presence of post-stroke depression.
Implications for Research: Future studies need to explore the development of a screening instrument designed specifically for post-stroke depression.
Conclusion: Acute stroke patients with a comorbidity of heart failure, history of depression, are divorced or separated, should be considered as those with a high risk of developing post-stroke depression. Early screening and follow-up must be established to mitigate the risk of underdiagnosing post-stroke depression which can result in sub-optimal or poor stroke care outcomes. In addition, the use of the well-known PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 instruments are not sensitive in detecting post-stroke depression in the acute stroke phase.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Post-stroke Depression Among Stroke Survivors in the Acute Stroke Phase"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Shahwan Solorzano, Sheryn"],"dc:date.available":["2028-05-05T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe relationships between sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, length of stay, depression screening (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2] or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and the likelihood of post-stroke depression diagnosis among inpatient stroke cases in Northern California.
Background: Current depression screening instruments, which were originally designed for the primary care setting, are being used in the acute stroke setting. Post-stroke depression is often underdiagnosed and can lead to poor stroke outcomes. This study looked at the effectiveness of such instruments in detecting post-stroke depression when administered in the inpatient setting during the acute stroke phase while considering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Methods: Using electronic health record case reviews, this retrospective cross-sectional design described the relationships between select patient sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and use of the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 instruments in detecting post-stroke depression. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample and tests of association described the relationships between the variables. Binomial logistic regression was done to describe the likelihood of post-stroke depression diagnosis (yes, no) accounted for by select sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and use of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 depression screening instruments.
Results: Site of where stroke care was received, history of depression, presence of heart failure, marital status of divorced/separated, as well as the use of PHQ-2 (regardless of score), were associated with the presence of post-stroke depression.
Implications for Research: Future studies need to explore the development of a screening instrument designed specifically for post-stroke depression.
Conclusion: Acute stroke patients with a comorbidity of heart failure, history of depression, are divorced or separated, should be considered as those with a high risk of developing post-stroke depression. Early screening and follow-up must be established to mitigate the risk of underdiagnosing post-stroke depression which can result in sub-optimal or poor stroke care outcomes. In addition, the use of the well-known PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 instruments are not sensitive in detecting post-stroke depression in the acute stroke phase.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations/1107"],"dc:subject":["Stroke","depression","depression screening","health-related quality of life","acute care","Behavioral Medicine","Critical Care Nursing","Mental and Social Health","Neurology","Neurosurgery","Other Nursing","Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing","Psychology"],"dc:title":["Post-stroke Depression Among Stroke Survivors in the Acute Stroke Phase"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Nursing"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation: USD Users Only"],"thesis:degree_name":["PhD Nursing"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:42:05Z"}