Asociación entre violencia física en el embarazo según el perpetrador y síntomas depresivos post parto: Un análisis secundario nacional Perú 2015-2019
Antecedentes A pesar de las diferentes investigaciones presentadas sobre la relación entre la violencia física durante el embarazo pocas han sido estudiadas sobre quién fue el perpetrador y su relación sobre los síntomas depresivos post parto. Objetivo Evaluar la asociación entre la violencia física en el embarazo según el perpetrador y síntomas depresivos post parto de la mujer. Metodología Estudio transversal analítico secundario a la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar. Perú 2015-2019. Se incluyeron mujeres con hijos menores de 12 meses de edad, evaluando la presencia de síntomas depresivos moderados a más mediante preguntas equivalentes a la escala de PHQ 9, empleando un punto de corte de 10. La violencia física durante el embarazo se identificó a partir de las preguntas acerca de agresiones físicas (si le han pegado, abofeteado, pateado o maltratado físicamente), equivalente a escala CS2, y se categorizó según el agresor: sin violencia durante el embarazo, violencia por la pareja actual, violencia por los familiares y violencia por la ex pareja. Para estimar la asociación se empleó un modelo lineal generalizado de la familia y opción de enlace log Poisson. Resultados Se encontró que en comparación de las mujeres que no reportaron violencia durante el embarazo, con respecto a la presentación de síntomas depresivos moderados a más, aquellas que reportaron haber tenido violencia por su pareja tuvieron 5 veces mayor probabilidad de presentarlos (RPa 4.99 IC95% 3.29; 7.56 p < 0.001), aquellas que reportaron violencia por familiares 3,9 veces mayor (RPa 3.87 IC95% 2.09; 7.18 p < 0.001) y aquellas que tuvieron violencia por su expareja tuvieron 2.9 veces mayor. (RPa 2.9 IC95% 1.84; 4.65 p < 0.001). La prevalencia de violencia durante el embarazo fue de 7.8%, siendo 3,0% por la pareja, 1,4% por un familiar y 3,4% por una expareja y 4.59% presentaron síntomas depresivos moderados a más. Conclusiones Se identificó asociación entre violencia física durante el embarazo por la pareja, por un familiar o por la ex pareja con mayores síntomas depresivos post parto moderados a más. Se identificó una prevalencia de violencia durante el embarazo de 7.8% siendo 3,0% por la pareja, 1,4% por un familiar y 3,4% por una expareja.Background Despite the different investigations presented on the relationship between violence during pregnancy, few have been studied according to who the perpetrator was and its relationship to postpartum depressive symptoms. Aim To evaluate the association between physical violence during pregnancy according to the perpetrator and postpartum depressive symptoms in women. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey, Peru 2015–2019. Women with children under 12 months of age were included, and the presence of moderate or greater depressive symptoms was assessed using questions equivalent to the PHQ-9 scale, with a cutoff score of 10. Physical violence during pregnancy was identified based on questions about physical aggression (whether they had been hit, slapped, kicked, or otherwise physically mistreated), equivalent to the CS2 scale, and categorized according to the perpetrator: no violence during pregnancy, violence by the current partner, violence by family members, and violence by an ex-partner. To estimate the association, a generalized linear model from the Poisson family with a log link function was used. Outcomes Findings showed that, compared to women who did not report violence during pregnancy, those who did had a significantly higher likelihood of presenting moderate or more severe depressive symptoms. Specifically, women who reported intimate partner violence were five times more likely to experience such symptoms (aPR 4.99; 95% CI: 3.29-7.56; p < 0.001), those who reported violence by a family member were 3.9 times more likely (aPR 3.87; 95% CI: 2.09-7.18; p < 0.001), and those who experienced violence from an ex-partner were 2.9 times more likely (aPR 2.90; 95% CI: 1.84-4.65; p < 0.001) The prevalence of violence during pregnancy was 7.8%, with 3.0% attributed to intimate partner violence, 1.4% to family member violence, and 3.4% to ex-partner violence. Additionally, 4.59% of women presented moderate or more severe depressive symptoms. Conclusions An association was identified between physical violence during pregnancy by the partner, by a family member or by the ex-partner with greater moderate to more depressive symptoms. The prevalence of violence during pregnancy was identified to be 7.8%, with 3.0% by the partner, 1.4% by a family member, and 3.4% by an ex-partner.
Chapoñan Lavalle, Yolanda Mariela Adahelguisa
Violencia de pareja, Abuso físico, Síntomas depresivos, Matrimonio, Alojamiento conjunto, Intimate partner violence (IPV), Physical violence, Depressive symptoms, Marriage, Cohabitation
Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas
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