{"id":{"repo_id":"unt","oai_identifier":"info:ark/67531/metadc4520"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/unt/info:ark/67531/metadc4520","repository":{"repo_id":"unt","name":"University of North Texas","base_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Sunlight readability and luminance characteristics of light-emitting diode push button switches.","abstract":"Lighted push button switches and indicators serve many purposes in cockpits, shipboard applications and military ground vehicles. The quality of lighting produced by switches is vital to operators' understanding of the information displayed. Utilizing LED technology in lighted switches has challenges that can adversely affect lighting quality. Incomplete data exists to educate consumers about potential differences in LED switch performance between different manufacturers. LED switches from four different manufacturers were tested for six attributes of lighting quality: average luminance and power consumption at full voltage, sunlight readable contrast, luminance contrast under ambient sunlight, legend uniformity, and dual-color uniformity. Three of the four manufacturers have not developed LED push button switches that meet lighting quality standards established with incandescent technology.","abstract_html":"Lighted push button switches and indicators serve many purposes in cockpits, shipboard applications and military ground vehicles. The quality of lighting produced by switches is vital to operators' understanding of the information displayed. Utilizing LED technology in lighted switches has challenges that can adversely affect lighting quality. Incomplete data exists to educate consumers about potential differences in LED switch performance between different manufacturers. LED switches from four different manufacturers were tested for six attributes of lighting quality: average luminance and power consumption at full voltage, sunlight readable contrast, luminance contrast under ambient sunlight, legend uniformity, and dual-color uniformity. Three of the four manufacturers have not developed LED push button switches that meet lighting quality standards established with incandescent technology.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Fitch, Robert J."],"institution":"University of North Texas","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Grubbs, Albert B.","Guthrie, Don W.","Kozak, Michael R.","Stemprok, Roman","Vaidyanathan, Vijay"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2004,"date_issued":"2004-05","date_published":"2004-05","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:35:09Z","subjects":["Light emitting diodes.","sunlight readable","LED","indicator","avionics","annunciator","illuminate"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["Public","Copyright","Fitch, Robert J.","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. All rights reserved."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oclc: 55874273","https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4520/","ark: ark:/67531/metadc4520"],"render_values":[{"text":"oclc: 55874273","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4520/","href":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4520/","code":true},{"text":"ark: ark:/67531/metadc4520","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.12794/metadc4520","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Grubbs, Albert B.","Guthrie, Don W.","Kozak, Michael R.","Stemprok, Roman","Vaidyanathan, Vijay"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Fitch, Robert J."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2004-05"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of North Texas"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis or Dissertation"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Light emitting diodes.","sunlight readable","LED","indicator","avionics","annunciator","illuminate"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Public","Copyright","Fitch, Robert J.","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. All rights reserved."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oclc: 55874273","doi: 10.12794/metadc4520","https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4520/","ark: ark:/67531/metadc4520"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Lighted push button switches and indicators serve many purposes in cockpits, shipboard applications and military ground vehicles. The quality of lighting produced by switches is vital to operators' understanding of the information displayed. Utilizing LED technology in lighted switches has challenges that can adversely affect lighting quality. Incomplete data exists to educate consumers about potential differences in LED switch performance between different manufacturers. LED switches from four different manufacturers were tested for six attributes of lighting quality: average luminance and power consumption at full voltage, sunlight readable contrast, luminance contrast under ambient sunlight, legend uniformity, and dual-color uniformity. Three of the four manufacturers have not developed LED push button switches that meet lighting quality standards established with incandescent technology."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["Text"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Sunlight readability and luminance characteristics of light-emitting diode push button switches."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Grubbs, Albert B.","Guthrie, Don W.","Kozak, Michael R.","Stemprok, Roman","Vaidyanathan, Vijay"],"dc:creator":["Fitch, Robert J."],"dc:date":["2004-05"],"dc:description":["Lighted push button switches and indicators serve many purposes in cockpits, shipboard applications and military ground vehicles. The quality of lighting produced by switches is vital to operators' understanding of the information displayed. Utilizing LED technology in lighted switches has challenges that can adversely affect lighting quality. Incomplete data exists to educate consumers about potential differences in LED switch performance between different manufacturers. LED switches from four different manufacturers were tested for six attributes of lighting quality: average luminance and power consumption at full voltage, sunlight readable contrast, luminance contrast under ambient sunlight, legend uniformity, and dual-color uniformity. Three of the four manufacturers have not developed LED push button switches that meet lighting quality standards established with incandescent technology."],"dc:format":["Text"],"dc:identifier":["oclc: 55874273","doi: 10.12794/metadc4520","https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4520/","ark: ark:/67531/metadc4520"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["University of North Texas"],"dc:rights":["Public","Copyright","Fitch, Robert J.","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. All rights reserved."],"dc:subject":["Light emitting diodes.","sunlight readable","LED","indicator","avionics","annunciator","illuminate"],"dc:title":["Sunlight readability and luminance characteristics of light-emitting diode push button switches."],"dc:type":["Thesis or Dissertation"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:35:09Z"}