{"id":{"repo_id":"unt","oai_identifier":"info:ark/67531/metadc4375"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/unt/info:ark/67531/metadc4375","repository":{"repo_id":"unt","name":"University of North Texas","base_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Differences in Depressive Symptoms as a Function of Gender, Roles, and Rumination","abstract":"Research indicates that women are more likely to experience depression than are men. The current study examined the effects of gender, socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism on symptoms of depression in young adults. As predicted, rumination mediated the relationship between gender and depression, and socialized gender roles had a greater explanatory power for rumination, neuroticism, and depression than did gender. Contrary to predictions, rumination did not mediate neuroticism's effects on depression. Structural equation modeling reveled that rumination-on-sadness positively predicted neuroticism and depression. However, rumination-in-general, while positively predicting neuroticism, negatively predicted symptoms of depression. Finally, once socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism were controlled, male gender was modestly predictive of depression.","abstract_html":"Research indicates that women are more likely to experience depression than are men. The current study examined the effects of gender, socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism on symptoms of depression in young adults. As predicted, rumination mediated the relationship between gender and depression, and socialized gender roles had a greater explanatory power for rumination, neuroticism, and depression than did gender. Contrary to predictions, rumination did not mediate neuroticism's effects on depression. Structural equation modeling reveled that rumination-on-sadness positively predicted neuroticism and depression. However, rumination-in-general, while positively predicting neuroticism, negatively predicted symptoms of depression. Finally, once socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism were controlled, male gender was modestly predictive of depression.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wupperman, Peggilee"],"institution":"University of North Texas","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Neumann, Craig S.","Jenkins, Sharon Rae","Kaminski, Patricia L."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2003,"date_issued":"2003-12","date_published":"2003-12","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:35:09Z","subjects":["Depression, Mental -- Sex factors.","Sex role.","Thought and thinking.","neuroticism","depression","socialized gender roles","young adults","rumination"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["Public","Copyright","Wupperman, Peggilee","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. All rights reserved."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oclc: 54471058","https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4375/","ark: ark:/67531/metadc4375"],"render_values":[{"text":"oclc: 54471058","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4375/","href":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4375/","code":true},{"text":"ark: ark:/67531/metadc4375","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.12794/metadc4375","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Neumann, Craig S.","Jenkins, Sharon Rae","Kaminski, Patricia L."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wupperman, Peggilee"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2003-12"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of North Texas"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis or Dissertation"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Depression, Mental -- Sex factors.","Sex role.","Thought and thinking.","neuroticism","depression","socialized gender roles","young adults","rumination"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Public","Copyright","Wupperman, Peggilee","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. 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Structural equation modeling reveled that rumination-on-sadness positively predicted neuroticism and depression. However, rumination-in-general, while positively predicting neuroticism, negatively predicted symptoms of depression. Finally, once socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism were controlled, male gender was modestly predictive of depression."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["Text"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Differences in Depressive Symptoms as a Function of Gender, Roles, and Rumination"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Neumann, Craig S.","Jenkins, Sharon Rae","Kaminski, Patricia L."],"dc:creator":["Wupperman, Peggilee"],"dc:date":["2003-12"],"dc:description":["Research indicates that women are more likely to experience depression than are men. The current study examined the effects of gender, socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism on symptoms of depression in young adults. As predicted, rumination mediated the relationship between gender and depression, and socialized gender roles had a greater explanatory power for rumination, neuroticism, and depression than did gender. Contrary to predictions, rumination did not mediate neuroticism's effects on depression. Structural equation modeling reveled that rumination-on-sadness positively predicted neuroticism and depression. However, rumination-in-general, while positively predicting neuroticism, negatively predicted symptoms of depression. Finally, once socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism were controlled, male gender was modestly predictive of depression."],"dc:format":["Text"],"dc:identifier":["oclc: 54471058","doi: 10.12794/metadc4375","https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4375/","ark: ark:/67531/metadc4375"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["University of North Texas"],"dc:rights":["Public","Copyright","Wupperman, Peggilee","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. All rights reserved."],"dc:subject":["Depression, Mental -- Sex factors.","Sex role.","Thought and thinking.","neuroticism","depression","socialized gender roles","young adults","rumination"],"dc:title":["Differences in Depressive Symptoms as a Function of Gender, Roles, and Rumination"],"dc:type":["Thesis or Dissertation"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:35:09Z"}