{"id":{"repo_id":"unt","oai_identifier":"info:ark/67531/metadc2248"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/unt/info:ark/67531/metadc2248","repository":{"repo_id":"unt","name":"University of North Texas","base_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Classification of Toolmark Surfaces on Zipper Teeth","abstract":"This study proposes the classification of the toolmark under the heads of zipper teeth as a subclass characteristic as outlined by the Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners (AFTE). Two separate cases in which zipper teeth were found at crime scenes prompted this study. Brass zipper teeth manufactured by YKK were taken from 20 pairs of jeans and studied using a Reichert comparison microscope at 4X power. Photographs were taken and over 750 comparisons made. It was found that the toolmarks on each side on the 20 zippers were unique and independent of all other sides. The observations made in this study indicate that classifying zipper teeth toolmarks as a subclass characteristic is valid.","abstract_html":"This study proposes the classification of the toolmark under the heads of zipper teeth as a subclass characteristic as outlined by the Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners (AFTE). Two separate cases in which zipper teeth were found at crime scenes prompted this study. Brass zipper teeth manufactured by YKK were taken from 20 pairs of jeans and studied using a Reichert comparison microscope at 4X power. Photographs were taken and over 750 comparisons made. It was found that the toolmarks on each side on the 20 zippers were unique and independent of all other sides. The observations made in this study indicate that classifying zipper teeth toolmarks as a subclass characteristic is valid.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Jacobsen, Dawn"],"institution":"University of North Texas","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Gill-King, Harrell","Lott, James R.","O'Donovan, Gerard A."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1999,"date_issued":"1999-12","date_published":"1999-12","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:34:52Z","subjects":["Forensic sciences.","Criminal investigation.","Zippers.","toolmark","subclass characteristic","zipper teeth","crime scenes"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["Public","Copyright","Jacobsen, Dawn","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. All rights reserved."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oclc: 47127124","untcat: b2299274","https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2248/","ark: ark:/67531/metadc2248"],"render_values":[{"text":"oclc: 47127124","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"untcat: b2299274","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2248/","href":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2248/","code":true},{"text":"ark: ark:/67531/metadc2248","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.12794/metadc2248","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Gill-King, Harrell","Lott, James R.","O'Donovan, Gerard A."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Jacobsen, Dawn"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["1999-12"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of North Texas"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis or Dissertation"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Forensic sciences.","Criminal investigation.","Zippers.","toolmark","subclass characteristic","zipper teeth","crime scenes"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Public","Copyright","Jacobsen, Dawn","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. 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The observations made in this study indicate that classifying zipper teeth toolmarks as a subclass characteristic is valid."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["Text"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Classification of Toolmark Surfaces on Zipper Teeth"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Gill-King, Harrell","Lott, James R.","O'Donovan, Gerard A."],"dc:creator":["Jacobsen, Dawn"],"dc:date":["1999-12"],"dc:description":["This study proposes the classification of the toolmark under the heads of zipper teeth as a subclass characteristic as outlined by the Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners (AFTE). Two separate cases in which zipper teeth were found at crime scenes prompted this study. Brass zipper teeth manufactured by YKK were taken from 20 pairs of jeans and studied using a Reichert comparison microscope at 4X power. Photographs were taken and over 750 comparisons made. It was found that the toolmarks on each side on the 20 zippers were unique and independent of all other sides. The observations made in this study indicate that classifying zipper teeth toolmarks as a subclass characteristic is valid."],"dc:format":["Text"],"dc:identifier":["oclc: 47127124","untcat: b2299274","doi: 10.12794/metadc2248","https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2248/","ark: ark:/67531/metadc2248"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["University of North Texas"],"dc:rights":["Public","Copyright","Jacobsen, Dawn","Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise noted. All rights reserved."],"dc:subject":["Forensic sciences.","Criminal investigation.","Zippers.","toolmark","subclass characteristic","zipper teeth","crime scenes"],"dc:title":["Classification of Toolmark Surfaces on Zipper Teeth"],"dc:type":["Thesis or Dissertation"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:34:52Z"}