{"id":{"repo_id":"unsw","oai_identifier":"oai:unsworks.library.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/103503"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/unsw/oai:unsworks.library.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/103503","repository":{"repo_id":"unsw","name":"University of New South Wales","base_url":"https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/oai/provider"},"display":{"title":"CFD-DEM MODELLING OF PARTICLE-GAS REACTIVE FLOWS AND ITS APPLICATION IN BLAST FURNACE REGIONS","abstract":"The ironmaking blast furnace involves complex particle-gas reactive flows, which are crucial for determining the efficiency and effectiveness of iron production. A fundamental understanding of these intricate reactive flows is essential for optimizing furnace operation and performance. This thesis presents a set of high-accuracy, efficient particle-scale models designed to simulate particle-gas reactive flows coupled with phase changes. These models are employed to investigate key phenomena within an ironmaking blast furnace (BF). 1) An advanced reactive computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (rCFD-DEM) featuring two state-of-the-art techniques - coarse-grained method and smoothing method is developed to describe raceway dynamics and coke combustion in a three-dimensional (3D) industrial-scale BF. The typical phenomena are illustrated in terms of raceway shape and size, temperature field and gas species distributions. 2) The typical in-furnace phenomena of a middle raceway between two adjunct raceways are captured from a 3D perspective for the first time using the above proposed model. The effects of blast velocity and temperature on raceway dynamics and combustion are quantified. After that, the key parameters for accurately simulating and measuring raceways are discussed. 3) A coarse-grained rCFD-DEM model is developed to investigate the complex thermochemical behaviours inside a simplified BF shaft region. The typical thermochemical behaviours in respective coke and iron ore layers are captured at particle scale. Then the effect of key operating parameters is studied quantitatively at particle scale. 4) A novel CFD-DEM-DPM model is developed to describe the fluid, particles and fines reacting flows and their interactions. It is employed to simulate the co-combustion of coke and pulverized coal in a dynamic raceway of BF. Based on the proposed model, the complex in-furnace phenomena related to the co-combustion of coarse coke particles and fine coal particles are comprehensively captured. 5) The intricate dynamics of momentum and heat transfer occurring during the impingement of droplets onto a solid particle are numerically investigated by a VOF model. It is applied to simulate the phenomenon of molten iron ore spreading over a coke particle, a fundamental occurrence in metallurgical blast furnace. To quantify the dynamics of momentum and heat transfer, two parameters, namely drag force and heat transfer coefficient are analysed. 6) A novel VOF-DEM framework, featuring explicit particle-to-fluid phase change, particle-to-fluid mass dissolution and phase-diagram-based thermophysical properties, is proposed for the first time. To demonstrate the model capability, it is employed to simulate the melting and dripping behaviours in the cohesive zone of a practical BF. The present thesis represents a significant breakthrough in the particle-scale modelling of particle-gas reactive flows, especially in several regions of ironmaking BFs. In the future, these models could be integrated into a comprehensive model to investigate entire practical BF operations. Additionally, these particle-gas reactive models hold broad applicability and can be widely adopted in various energy and chemical engineering applications.","abstract_html":"The ironmaking blast furnace involves complex particle-gas reactive flows, which are crucial for determining the efficiency and effectiveness of iron production. A fundamental understanding of these intricate reactive flows is essential for optimizing furnace operation and performance. This thesis presents a set of high-accuracy, efficient particle-scale models designed to simulate particle-gas reactive flows coupled with phase changes. These models are employed to investigate key phenomena within an ironmaking blast furnace (BF). 1) An advanced reactive computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (rCFD-DEM) featuring two state-of-the-art techniques - coarse-grained method and smoothing method is developed to describe raceway dynamics and coke combustion in a three-dimensional (3D) industrial-scale BF. The typical phenomena are illustrated in terms of raceway shape and size, temperature field and gas species distributions. 2) The typical in-furnace phenomena of a middle raceway between two adjunct raceways are captured from a 3D perspective for the first time using the above proposed model. The effects of blast velocity and temperature on raceway dynamics and combustion are quantified. After that, the key parameters for accurately simulating and measuring raceways are discussed. 3) A coarse-grained rCFD-DEM model is developed to investigate the complex thermochemical behaviours inside a simplified BF shaft region. The typical thermochemical behaviours in respective coke and iron ore layers are captured at particle scale. Then the effect of key operating parameters is studied quantitatively at particle scale. 4) A novel CFD-DEM-DPM model is developed to describe the fluid, particles and fines reacting flows and their interactions. It is employed to simulate the co-combustion of coke and pulverized coal in a dynamic raceway of BF. Based on the proposed model, the complex in-furnace phenomena related to the co-combustion of coarse coke particles and fine coal particles are comprehensively captured. 5) The intricate dynamics of momentum and heat transfer occurring during the impingement of droplets onto a solid particle are numerically investigated by a VOF model. It is applied to simulate the phenomenon of molten iron ore spreading over a coke particle, a fundamental occurrence in metallurgical blast furnace. To quantify the dynamics of momentum and heat transfer, two parameters, namely drag force and heat transfer coefficient are analysed. 6) A novel VOF-DEM framework, featuring explicit particle-to-fluid phase change, particle-to-fluid mass dissolution and phase-diagram-based thermophysical properties, is proposed for the first time. To demonstrate the model capability, it is employed to simulate the melting and dripping behaviours in the cohesive zone of a practical BF. The present thesis represents a significant breakthrough in the particle-scale modelling of particle-gas reactive flows, especially in several regions of ironmaking BFs. In the future, these models could be integrated into a comprehensive model to investigate entire practical BF operations. Additionally, these particle-gas reactive models hold broad applicability and can be widely adopted in various energy and chemical engineering applications.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Xu, Dan"],"institution":"UNSW, Sydney","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024","date_published":"2024","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:32:40Z","subjects":["CFD-DEM modelling","Blast Furnace","Reacting gas-particle flow","Raceway","Cohesive zone","Shaft layer","anzsrc-for: 400402 Chemical and thermal processes in energy and combustion"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["open access","CC BY 4.0","free_to_read"],"rights_urls":["https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/30661"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/30661","href":"https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/30661","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/103503","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Xu, Dan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2024"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["UNSW, Sydney"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["doctoral thesis","http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["CFD-DEM modelling","Blast Furnace","Reacting gas-particle flow","Raceway","Cohesive zone","Shaft layer","anzsrc-for: 400402 Chemical and thermal processes in energy and combustion"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["open access","https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","CC BY 4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","free_to_read"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/103503","https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/e79e3bf7-5630-4e86-a8b0-71cd88c70bfe/download","https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/30661"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The ironmaking blast furnace involves complex particle-gas reactive flows, which are crucial for determining the efficiency and effectiveness of iron production. A fundamental understanding of these intricate reactive flows is essential for optimizing furnace operation and performance. This thesis presents a set of high-accuracy, efficient particle-scale models designed to simulate particle-gas reactive flows coupled with phase changes. These models are employed to investigate key phenomena within an ironmaking blast furnace (BF). 1) An advanced reactive computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (rCFD-DEM) featuring two state-of-the-art techniques - coarse-grained method and smoothing method is developed to describe raceway dynamics and coke combustion in a three-dimensional (3D) industrial-scale BF. The typical phenomena are illustrated in terms of raceway shape and size, temperature field and gas species distributions. 2) The typical in-furnace phenomena of a middle raceway between two adjunct raceways are captured from a 3D perspective for the first time using the above proposed model. The effects of blast velocity and temperature on raceway dynamics and combustion are quantified. After that, the key parameters for accurately simulating and measuring raceways are discussed. 3) A coarse-grained rCFD-DEM model is developed to investigate the complex thermochemical behaviours inside a simplified BF shaft region. The typical thermochemical behaviours in respective coke and iron ore layers are captured at particle scale. Then the effect of key operating parameters is studied quantitatively at particle scale. 4) A novel CFD-DEM-DPM model is developed to describe the fluid, particles and fines reacting flows and their interactions. It is employed to simulate the co-combustion of coke and pulverized coal in a dynamic raceway of BF. Based on the proposed model, the complex in-furnace phenomena related to the co-combustion of coarse coke particles and fine coal particles are comprehensively captured. 5) The intricate dynamics of momentum and heat transfer occurring during the impingement of droplets onto a solid particle are numerically investigated by a VOF model. It is applied to simulate the phenomenon of molten iron ore spreading over a coke particle, a fundamental occurrence in metallurgical blast furnace. To quantify the dynamics of momentum and heat transfer, two parameters, namely drag force and heat transfer coefficient are analysed. 6) A novel VOF-DEM framework, featuring explicit particle-to-fluid phase change, particle-to-fluid mass dissolution and phase-diagram-based thermophysical properties, is proposed for the first time. To demonstrate the model capability, it is employed to simulate the melting and dripping behaviours in the cohesive zone of a practical BF. The present thesis represents a significant breakthrough in the particle-scale modelling of particle-gas reactive flows, especially in several regions of ironmaking BFs. In the future, these models could be integrated into a comprehensive model to investigate entire practical BF operations. Additionally, these particle-gas reactive models hold broad applicability and can be widely adopted in various energy and chemical engineering applications."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["CFD-DEM MODELLING OF PARTICLE-GAS REACTIVE FLOWS AND ITS APPLICATION IN BLAST FURNACE REGIONS"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Xu, Dan"],"dc:date":["2024"],"dc:description":["The ironmaking blast furnace involves complex particle-gas reactive flows, which are crucial for determining the efficiency and effectiveness of iron production. A fundamental understanding of these intricate reactive flows is essential for optimizing furnace operation and performance. This thesis presents a set of high-accuracy, efficient particle-scale models designed to simulate particle-gas reactive flows coupled with phase changes. These models are employed to investigate key phenomena within an ironmaking blast furnace (BF). 1) An advanced reactive computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (rCFD-DEM) featuring two state-of-the-art techniques - coarse-grained method and smoothing method is developed to describe raceway dynamics and coke combustion in a three-dimensional (3D) industrial-scale BF. The typical phenomena are illustrated in terms of raceway shape and size, temperature field and gas species distributions. 2) The typical in-furnace phenomena of a middle raceway between two adjunct raceways are captured from a 3D perspective for the first time using the above proposed model. The effects of blast velocity and temperature on raceway dynamics and combustion are quantified. After that, the key parameters for accurately simulating and measuring raceways are discussed. 3) A coarse-grained rCFD-DEM model is developed to investigate the complex thermochemical behaviours inside a simplified BF shaft region. The typical thermochemical behaviours in respective coke and iron ore layers are captured at particle scale. Then the effect of key operating parameters is studied quantitatively at particle scale. 4) A novel CFD-DEM-DPM model is developed to describe the fluid, particles and fines reacting flows and their interactions. It is employed to simulate the co-combustion of coke and pulverized coal in a dynamic raceway of BF. Based on the proposed model, the complex in-furnace phenomena related to the co-combustion of coarse coke particles and fine coal particles are comprehensively captured. 5) The intricate dynamics of momentum and heat transfer occurring during the impingement of droplets onto a solid particle are numerically investigated by a VOF model. It is applied to simulate the phenomenon of molten iron ore spreading over a coke particle, a fundamental occurrence in metallurgical blast furnace. To quantify the dynamics of momentum and heat transfer, two parameters, namely drag force and heat transfer coefficient are analysed. 6) A novel VOF-DEM framework, featuring explicit particle-to-fluid phase change, particle-to-fluid mass dissolution and phase-diagram-based thermophysical properties, is proposed for the first time. To demonstrate the model capability, it is employed to simulate the melting and dripping behaviours in the cohesive zone of a practical BF. The present thesis represents a significant breakthrough in the particle-scale modelling of particle-gas reactive flows, especially in several regions of ironmaking BFs. In the future, these models could be integrated into a comprehensive model to investigate entire practical BF operations. Additionally, these particle-gas reactive models hold broad applicability and can be widely adopted in various energy and chemical engineering applications."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/103503","https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/e79e3bf7-5630-4e86-a8b0-71cd88c70bfe/download","https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/30661"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:publisher":["UNSW, Sydney"],"dc:rights":["open access","https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","CC BY 4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","free_to_read"],"dc:subject":["CFD-DEM modelling","Blast Furnace","Reacting gas-particle flow","Raceway","Cohesive zone","Shaft layer","anzsrc-for: 400402 Chemical and thermal processes in energy and combustion"],"dc:title":["CFD-DEM MODELLING OF PARTICLE-GAS REACTIVE FLOWS AND ITS APPLICATION IN BLAST FURNACE REGIONS"],"dc:type":["doctoral thesis","http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:32:40Z"}