{"id":{"repo_id":"unr","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarwolf.unr.edu:11714/4191"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/unr/oai:scholarwolf.unr.edu:11714/4191","repository":{"repo_id":"unr","name":"University of Nevada - Reno","base_url":"https://scholarwolf.unr.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Multi-Criteria Decision Based Left-turn Signal Control Guideline","abstract":"There are primarily three types of left-turn controls at signalized intersections, namely permitted, protected, and protected-permitted. Selecting a left-turn signal control type is one of the major elements in traffic signal design and operations, and should be a systematic approach involving complex decision rules. Existing guidelines for determining the appropriate left-turn signal control has been primarily based on traffic volume, delay, geometry, crash experience, and other related variables. Such existing guidelines are generally presented in a flow-chart format. One of the major shortcomings of the existing guidelines is that a single variable can dominate the decision process, thereby lacking a balanced consideration of all other important variables. This research presents a new guideline for determining left-turn control types mostly applicable for conventional left-turn displays. This research format was developed for a four-leg intersection configuration; however, it can be easily adopted into the other configurations. The guideline is based on the principles of multi-criteria decision analysis and provides an index-based recommendation. This method determines a numerical scale provided a comparison among the three types of left-turn control instead of an absolute left-turn control type. Using the data collected from the field, it shows that the proposed guideline can be calibrated and tailored to specific left-turn control policies of any jurisdiction.","abstract_html":"There are primarily three types of left-turn controls at signalized intersections, namely permitted, protected, and protected-permitted. Selecting a left-turn signal control type is one of the major elements in traffic signal design and operations, and should be a systematic approach involving complex decision rules. Existing guidelines for determining the appropriate left-turn signal control has been primarily based on traffic volume, delay, geometry, crash experience, and other related variables. Such existing guidelines are generally presented in a flow-chart format. One of the major shortcomings of the existing guidelines is that a single variable can dominate the decision process, thereby lacking a balanced consideration of all other important variables. This research presents a new guideline for determining left-turn control types mostly applicable for conventional left-turn displays. This research format was developed for a four-leg intersection configuration; however, it can be easily adopted into the other configurations. The guideline is based on the principles of multi-criteria decision analysis and provides an index-based recommendation. This method determines a numerical scale provided a comparison among the three types of left-turn control instead of an absolute left-turn control type. Using the data collected from the field, it shows that the proposed guideline can be calibrated and tailored to specific left-turn control policies of any jurisdiction.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ozmen, Ozlem"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":"Doctorate Degree","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Tian, Zong Z."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Gibby, Adrain R","Pekcan, Gokhan","Park, Do-Hawn","Evrensel, Cahit A"],"year":2009,"date_issued":"2009","date_published":"2009","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:47:58Z","subjects":["guidelines","left turn","multi-criteria","signals"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright(All Rights Reserved)"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11714/4191","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Tian, Zong Z."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Gibby, Adrain R","Pekcan, Gokhan","Park, Do-Hawn","Evrensel, Cahit A"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ozmen, Ozlem"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2018-09-06T17:25:30Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-09-06T17:25:30Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2009"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctorate Degree"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["guidelines","left turn","multi-criteria","signals"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright(All Rights Reserved)"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/11714/4191"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["There are primarily three types of left-turn controls at signalized intersections, namely permitted, protected, and protected-permitted. Selecting a left-turn signal control type is one of the major elements in traffic signal design and operations, and should be a systematic approach involving complex decision rules. Existing guidelines for determining the appropriate left-turn signal control has been primarily based on traffic volume, delay, geometry, crash experience, and other related variables. Such existing guidelines are generally presented in a flow-chart format. One of the major shortcomings of the existing guidelines is that a single variable can dominate the decision process, thereby lacking a balanced consideration of all other important variables. This research presents a new guideline for determining left-turn control types mostly applicable for conventional left-turn displays. This research format was developed for a four-leg intersection configuration; however, it can be easily adopted into the other configurations. The guideline is based on the principles of multi-criteria decision analysis and provides an index-based recommendation. This method determines a numerical scale provided a comparison among the three types of left-turn control instead of an absolute left-turn control type. Using the data collected from the field, it shows that the proposed guideline can be calibrated and tailored to specific left-turn control policies of any jurisdiction."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["PDF"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Multi-Criteria Decision Based Left-turn Signal Control Guideline"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Tian, Zong Z."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Gibby, Adrain R","Pekcan, Gokhan","Park, Do-Hawn","Evrensel, Cahit A"],"dc:creator":["Ozmen, Ozlem"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2018-09-06T17:25:30Z"],"dc:date.available":["2018-09-06T17:25:30Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2009"],"dc:description.abstract":["There are primarily three types of left-turn controls at signalized intersections, namely permitted, protected, and protected-permitted. Selecting a left-turn signal control type is one of the major elements in traffic signal design and operations, and should be a systematic approach involving complex decision rules. Existing guidelines for determining the appropriate left-turn signal control has been primarily based on traffic volume, delay, geometry, crash experience, and other related variables. Such existing guidelines are generally presented in a flow-chart format. One of the major shortcomings of the existing guidelines is that a single variable can dominate the decision process, thereby lacking a balanced consideration of all other important variables. This research presents a new guideline for determining left-turn control types mostly applicable for conventional left-turn displays. This research format was developed for a four-leg intersection configuration; however, it can be easily adopted into the other configurations. The guideline is based on the principles of multi-criteria decision analysis and provides an index-based recommendation. This method determines a numerical scale provided a comparison among the three types of left-turn control instead of an absolute left-turn control type. Using the data collected from the field, it shows that the proposed guideline can be calibrated and tailored to specific left-turn control policies of any jurisdiction."],"dc:format":["PDF"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/11714/4191"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright(All Rights Reserved)"],"dc:subject":["guidelines","left turn","multi-criteria","signals"],"dc:title":["Multi-Criteria Decision Based Left-turn Signal Control Guideline"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctorate Degree"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:47:58Z"}