The Feminine Representation of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois in Langston Hughes' Not Without Laughter
Langston Hughes' novel Not Without Laughter works within the historically narrow framework of African American uplift ideology. Hughes implies Booker T. Washington's racial uplift ideology from Up From Slavery within Aunt Hager Williams. In addition, Hughes implies W.E.B. DuBois' racial uplift ideology from Souls of Black Folk within Tempy Siles. In both characters, he criticizes the ideologies. In addition, the ideologies work toward an initial construction of masculinity for Sandy, the protagonist, and ultimately undermine an argument for gender equality.
race, African American, Langston Hughes, uplift, masculinity, gender, blues, DuBois, Washington, Souls of Black Folk, Up from Slavery, Harlem Renaissance, middle-class, ideology, bourgeois
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