{"id":{"repo_id":"unm","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalrepository.unm.edu:ose_etds-1031"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/unm/oai:digitalrepository.unm.edu:ose_etds-1031","repository":{"repo_id":"unm","name":"University of New Mexico","base_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of rare-earth doped glasses and crystals for optical refrigeration","abstract":"This research focused on developing and characterizing rare-earth doped, solid-state materials for laser cooling. In particular, the work targeted the optimization of the laser-cooling efficiency in Yb3+ and Tm3+ doped fluorides. The first instance of laser-induced cooling in a Tm3+-doped crystal, BaY2F8 was reported. Cooling by 3 degrees Kelvin below ambient temperature was obtained in a single-pass pump geometry at λ = 1855 nm. Protocols were developed for materials synthesis and purification which can be applied to each component of ZBLANI:Yb3+/Tm3+ (ZrF4 — BaF2 — LaF3 — AlF3 — NaF — InF3: YbF3/TmF3) glass to enable a material with significantly reduced transition-metal impurities. A method for OH- impurity removal and ultra-drying of the metal fluorides was also improved upon. Several characterization tools were used to quantitatively and qualitatively verify purity, including inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Here we found a more than 600-fold reduction in transition-metal impurities in a ZrCl2O solution. A non-contact spectroscopic technique for the measurement of laser-induced temperature changes in solids was developed. Two-band differential luminescence thermometry (TBDLT) achieved a sensitivity of ~7 mK and enabled precise measurement of the zero-crossing temperature and net quantum efficiency. Several Yb3+-doped ZBLANI glasses fabricated from precursors of varying purity and by different processes were analyzed in detail by TBDLT. Laser-induced cooling was observed at room temperature for several of the materials. A net quantum efficiency of 97.39±0.01% at 238 K was found for the best ZBLANI:1%Yb3+ laser-cooling sample produced from purified metal-fluoride precursors, and proved competitive with the best commercially procured material. The TBDLT technique enabled rapid and sensitive benchmarking of laser-cooling materials and provided critical feedback to the development and optimization of high-performance optical cryocooler materials. Also presented is an efficient and numerically stable method to calculate time-dependent, laser-induced temperature distributions in solids, including a detailed description of the computational procedure and its implementation. The model accurately predicted the zero-crossing temperature, the net quantum efficiency, and the functional shape of the transients, based on input parameters such as luminescence spectra, dopant concentration, pump properties, and several well-characterized material properties.","abstract_html":"This research focused on developing and characterizing rare-earth doped, solid-state materials for laser cooling. In particular, the work targeted the optimization of the laser-cooling efficiency in Yb3+ and Tm3+ doped fluorides. The first instance of laser-induced cooling in a Tm3+-doped crystal, BaY2F8 was reported. Cooling by 3 degrees Kelvin below ambient temperature was obtained in a single-pass pump geometry at λ = 1855 nm. Protocols were developed for materials synthesis and purification which can be applied to each component of ZBLANI:Yb3+/Tm3+ (ZrF4 — BaF2 — LaF3 — AlF3 — NaF — InF3: YbF3/TmF3) glass to enable a material with significantly reduced transition-metal impurities. A method for OH- impurity removal and ultra-drying of the metal fluorides was also improved upon. Several characterization tools were used to quantitatively and qualitatively verify purity, including inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Here we found a more than 600-fold reduction in transition-metal impurities in a ZrCl2O solution. A non-contact spectroscopic technique for the measurement of laser-induced temperature changes in solids was developed. Two-band differential luminescence thermometry (TBDLT) achieved a sensitivity of ~7 mK and enabled precise measurement of the zero-crossing temperature and net quantum efficiency. Several Yb3+-doped ZBLANI glasses fabricated from precursors of varying purity and by different processes were analyzed in detail by TBDLT. Laser-induced cooling was observed at room temperature for several of the materials. A net quantum efficiency of 97.39±0.01% at 238 K was found for the best ZBLANI:1%Yb3+ laser-cooling sample produced from purified metal-fluoride precursors, and proved competitive with the best commercially procured material. The TBDLT technique enabled rapid and sensitive benchmarking of laser-cooling materials and provided critical feedback to the development and optimization of high-performance optical cryocooler materials. Also presented is an efficient and numerically stable method to calculate time-dependent, laser-induced temperature distributions in solids, including a detailed description of the computational procedure and its implementation. The model accurately predicted the zero-crossing temperature, the net quantum efficiency, and the functional shape of the transients, based on input parameters such as luminescence spectra, dopant concentration, pump properties, and several well-characterized material properties.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Patterson, Wendy Marie"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Optical Science and Engineering","degree_level":"Doctoral","degree_discipline":"Optical Science and Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor","Hehlen, Markus","Krishna, Sanjay","Thomas, James"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-02-09T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2010-02-09T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:26:35Z","subjects":[],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ose_etds/32"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ose_etds/32","href":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ose_etds/32","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10315","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor","Hehlen, Markus","Krishna, Sanjay","Thomas, James"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Patterson, Wendy Marie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Optical Science and Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral","Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Optical Science and Engineering"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10315","https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ose_etds/32"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This research focused on developing and characterizing rare-earth doped, solid-state materials for laser cooling. In particular, the work targeted the optimization of the laser-cooling efficiency in Yb3+ and Tm3+ doped fluorides. The first instance of laser-induced cooling in a Tm3+-doped crystal, BaY2F8 was reported. Cooling by 3 degrees Kelvin below ambient temperature was obtained in a single-pass pump geometry at λ = 1855 nm. Protocols were developed for materials synthesis and purification which can be applied to each component of ZBLANI:Yb3+/Tm3+ (ZrF4 — BaF2 — LaF3 — AlF3 — NaF — InF3: YbF3/TmF3) glass to enable a material with significantly reduced transition-metal impurities. A method for OH- impurity removal and ultra-drying of the metal fluorides was also improved upon. Several characterization tools were used to quantitatively and qualitatively verify purity, including inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Here we found a more than 600-fold reduction in transition-metal impurities in a ZrCl2O solution. A non-contact spectroscopic technique for the measurement of laser-induced temperature changes in solids was developed. Two-band differential luminescence thermometry (TBDLT) achieved a sensitivity of ~7 mK and enabled precise measurement of the zero-crossing temperature and net quantum efficiency. Several Yb3+-doped ZBLANI glasses fabricated from precursors of varying purity and by different processes were analyzed in detail by TBDLT. Laser-induced cooling was observed at room temperature for several of the materials. A net quantum efficiency of 97.39±0.01% at 238 K was found for the best ZBLANI:1%Yb3+ laser-cooling sample produced from purified metal-fluoride precursors, and proved competitive with the best commercially procured material. The TBDLT technique enabled rapid and sensitive benchmarking of laser-cooling materials and provided critical feedback to the development and optimization of high-performance optical cryocooler materials. Also presented is an efficient and numerically stable method to calculate time-dependent, laser-induced temperature distributions in solids, including a detailed description of the computational procedure and its implementation. The model accurately predicted the zero-crossing temperature, the net quantum efficiency, and the functional shape of the transients, based on input parameters such as luminescence spectra, dopant concentration, pump properties, and several well-characterized material properties."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Synthesis and evaluation of rare-earth doped glasses and crystals for optical refrigeration"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor","Hehlen, Markus","Krishna, Sanjay","Thomas, James"],"dc:creator":["Patterson, Wendy Marie"],"dc:description.abstract":["This research focused on developing and characterizing rare-earth doped, solid-state materials for laser cooling. In particular, the work targeted the optimization of the laser-cooling efficiency in Yb3+ and Tm3+ doped fluorides. The first instance of laser-induced cooling in a Tm3+-doped crystal, BaY2F8 was reported. Cooling by 3 degrees Kelvin below ambient temperature was obtained in a single-pass pump geometry at λ = 1855 nm. Protocols were developed for materials synthesis and purification which can be applied to each component of ZBLANI:Yb3+/Tm3+ (ZrF4 — BaF2 — LaF3 — AlF3 — NaF — InF3: YbF3/TmF3) glass to enable a material with significantly reduced transition-metal impurities. A method for OH- impurity removal and ultra-drying of the metal fluorides was also improved upon. Several characterization tools were used to quantitatively and qualitatively verify purity, including inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Here we found a more than 600-fold reduction in transition-metal impurities in a ZrCl2O solution. A non-contact spectroscopic technique for the measurement of laser-induced temperature changes in solids was developed. Two-band differential luminescence thermometry (TBDLT) achieved a sensitivity of ~7 mK and enabled precise measurement of the zero-crossing temperature and net quantum efficiency. Several Yb3+-doped ZBLANI glasses fabricated from precursors of varying purity and by different processes were analyzed in detail by TBDLT. Laser-induced cooling was observed at room temperature for several of the materials. A net quantum efficiency of 97.39±0.01% at 238 K was found for the best ZBLANI:1%Yb3+ laser-cooling sample produced from purified metal-fluoride precursors, and proved competitive with the best commercially procured material. The TBDLT technique enabled rapid and sensitive benchmarking of laser-cooling materials and provided critical feedback to the development and optimization of high-performance optical cryocooler materials. Also presented is an efficient and numerically stable method to calculate time-dependent, laser-induced temperature distributions in solids, including a detailed description of the computational procedure and its implementation. The model accurately predicted the zero-crossing temperature, the net quantum efficiency, and the functional shape of the transients, based on input parameters such as luminescence spectra, dopant concentration, pump properties, and several well-characterized material properties."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10315","https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ose_etds/32"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:title":["Synthesis and evaluation of rare-earth doped glasses and crystals for optical refrigeration"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Optical Science and Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral","Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Optical Science and Engineering"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:26:35Z"}