{"id":{"repo_id":"unm","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalrepository.unm.edu:ce_etds-1099"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/unm/oai:digitalrepository.unm.edu:ce_etds-1099","repository":{"repo_id":"unm","name":"University of New Mexico","base_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Synthesis and Multi-Scale Characterization of Calcium Silicate Hydrate at Multiple CaO/SiO2 Mixture Ratios","abstract":"Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) is the primary binding agent that is responsible for setting and hardening, strength, dimensional stability, and durability of Portland cement paste. Although Portland cement hydration produces C-S-H, Calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite, and other hydration products are also acquired from this process and make it difficult to characterize C-S-H exclusively. C-S-H was first synthesized by mixing calcium oxide (CaO), created by calcining calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that was heated to 950 \\xbaC for 24 hours with fumed silica (SiO2) and deionized water (H2O) under nitrogen which produced the synthetic gel-like C-S-H slurry. This composition mixture of synthetic C-S-H was mixed continuously for 7 days with a constant speed and transferred to a filtration system for removal of excess water. The C-S-H gel was then transferred to a drying unit and purged in nitrogen for 5 weeks with a relative humidity (RH) of 11% using Lithium Chloride (LiCl) for 5 weeks. Specimens were obtained by compacting the dried C-S-H powder at 500 MPa. These compacted samples were tested for identifying its mechanical properties on macro, micro, and nano-scale levels. Nanoindentation was used to identify creep compliance and the reduced elastic modulus of C-S-H. Nanoindentation tests confirmed the 0.7 C/S ratio is stiffer (higher elastic modulus) than C-S-H with 1.5 C/S ratio. Furthermore, C-S-H with 0.7 C/S ratio has a lower creep compliance compared with C-S-H with 1.5 C/S ratios. Microstructural investigations using 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) were performed on C-S-H specimens. This work shed light on the significance of silicate polymerization in C-S-H on elastic and creep behavior of cement and concrete. This work might lead to developing alternative cements for concrete structures with time-dependent critical applications.","abstract_html":"Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) is the primary binding agent that is responsible for setting and hardening, strength, dimensional stability, and durability of Portland cement paste. Although Portland cement hydration produces C-S-H, Calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite, and other hydration products are also acquired from this process and make it difficult to characterize C-S-H exclusively. C-S-H was first synthesized by mixing calcium oxide (CaO), created by calcining calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that was heated to 950 \\xbaC for 24 hours with fumed silica (SiO2) and deionized water (H2O) under nitrogen which produced the synthetic gel-like C-S-H slurry. This composition mixture of synthetic C-S-H was mixed continuously for 7 days with a constant speed and transferred to a filtration system for removal of excess water. The C-S-H gel was then transferred to a drying unit and purged in nitrogen for 5 weeks with a relative humidity (RH) of 11% using Lithium Chloride (LiCl) for 5 weeks. Specimens were obtained by compacting the dried C-S-H powder at 500 MPa. These compacted samples were tested for identifying its mechanical properties on macro, micro, and nano-scale levels. Nanoindentation was used to identify creep compliance and the reduced elastic modulus of C-S-H. Nanoindentation tests confirmed the 0.7 C/S ratio is stiffer (higher elastic modulus) than C-S-H with 1.5 C/S ratio. Furthermore, C-S-H with 0.7 C/S ratio has a lower creep compliance compared with C-S-H with 1.5 C/S ratios. Microstructural investigations using 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) were performed on C-S-H specimens. This work shed light on the significance of silicate polymerization in C-S-H on elastic and creep behavior of cement and concrete. This work might lead to developing alternative cements for concrete structures with time-dependent critical applications.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Begaye, Michelle"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Civil Engineering","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Reda Taha, Mahmoud","Maji, Arup","Matteo, Edward"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-09-12T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-09-12T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:27:04Z","subjects":["Calcium Silicate Hydrate","Nanoindentation","Dynamic Modulus Analyzer","Mechanical Properties","Microstructure"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/98"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/98","href":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/98","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1928/24468","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Reda Taha, Mahmoud","Maji, Arup","Matteo, Edward"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Begaye, Michelle"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis","Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Civil Engineering"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Calcium Silicate Hydrate","Nanoindentation","Dynamic Modulus Analyzer","Mechanical Properties","Microstructure"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1928/24468","https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/98"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) is the primary binding agent that is responsible for setting and hardening, strength, dimensional stability, and durability of Portland cement paste. Although Portland cement hydration produces C-S-H, Calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite, and other hydration products are also acquired from this process and make it difficult to characterize C-S-H exclusively. C-S-H was first synthesized by mixing calcium oxide (CaO), created by calcining calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that was heated to 950 \\xbaC for 24 hours with fumed silica (SiO2) and deionized water (H2O) under nitrogen which produced the synthetic gel-like C-S-H slurry. This composition mixture of synthetic C-S-H was mixed continuously for 7 days with a constant speed and transferred to a filtration system for removal of excess water. The C-S-H gel was then transferred to a drying unit and purged in nitrogen for 5 weeks with a relative humidity (RH) of 11% using Lithium Chloride (LiCl) for 5 weeks. Specimens were obtained by compacting the dried C-S-H powder at 500 MPa. These compacted samples were tested for identifying its mechanical properties on macro, micro, and nano-scale levels. Nanoindentation was used to identify creep compliance and the reduced elastic modulus of C-S-H. Nanoindentation tests confirmed the 0.7 C/S ratio is stiffer (higher elastic modulus) than C-S-H with 1.5 C/S ratio. Furthermore, C-S-H with 0.7 C/S ratio has a lower creep compliance compared with C-S-H with 1.5 C/S ratios. Microstructural investigations using 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) were performed on C-S-H specimens. This work shed light on the significance of silicate polymerization in C-S-H on elastic and creep behavior of cement and concrete. This work might lead to developing alternative cements for concrete structures with time-dependent critical applications."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Synthesis and Multi-Scale Characterization of Calcium Silicate Hydrate at Multiple CaO/SiO2 Mixture Ratios"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Reda Taha, Mahmoud","Maji, Arup","Matteo, Edward"],"dc:creator":["Begaye, Michelle"],"dc:description.abstract":["Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) is the primary binding agent that is responsible for setting and hardening, strength, dimensional stability, and durability of Portland cement paste. Although Portland cement hydration produces C-S-H, Calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite, and other hydration products are also acquired from this process and make it difficult to characterize C-S-H exclusively. C-S-H was first synthesized by mixing calcium oxide (CaO), created by calcining calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that was heated to 950 \\xbaC for 24 hours with fumed silica (SiO2) and deionized water (H2O) under nitrogen which produced the synthetic gel-like C-S-H slurry. This composition mixture of synthetic C-S-H was mixed continuously for 7 days with a constant speed and transferred to a filtration system for removal of excess water. The C-S-H gel was then transferred to a drying unit and purged in nitrogen for 5 weeks with a relative humidity (RH) of 11% using Lithium Chloride (LiCl) for 5 weeks. Specimens were obtained by compacting the dried C-S-H powder at 500 MPa. These compacted samples were tested for identifying its mechanical properties on macro, micro, and nano-scale levels. Nanoindentation was used to identify creep compliance and the reduced elastic modulus of C-S-H. Nanoindentation tests confirmed the 0.7 C/S ratio is stiffer (higher elastic modulus) than C-S-H with 1.5 C/S ratio. Furthermore, C-S-H with 0.7 C/S ratio has a lower creep compliance compared with C-S-H with 1.5 C/S ratios. Microstructural investigations using 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) were performed on C-S-H specimens. This work shed light on the significance of silicate polymerization in C-S-H on elastic and creep behavior of cement and concrete. This work might lead to developing alternative cements for concrete structures with time-dependent critical applications."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/1928/24468","https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/98"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Calcium Silicate Hydrate","Nanoindentation","Dynamic Modulus Analyzer","Mechanical Properties","Microstructure"],"dc:title":["Synthesis and Multi-Scale Characterization of Calcium Silicate Hydrate at Multiple CaO/SiO2 Mixture Ratios"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis","Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Civil Engineering"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:27:04Z"}