{"id":{"repo_id":"unlv","oai_identifier":"oai:oasis.library.unlv.edu:rtds-1977"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/unlv/oai:oasis.library.unlv.edu:rtds-1977","repository":{"repo_id":"unlv","name":"University of Nevada - Las Vegas","base_url":"https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Perceived readability, understandability, and hazardousness of prescription drug warning labels as a function of icon, font size, and color","abstract":"Current standards on warning design recommend including icons on various product labels to increase saliency and reinforce meaning. In order to examine if icons are understandable and salient, Experiment 1 consisted of a sample of 489 undergraduate students rating 43 pharmaceutical pictorials with regards to understandability, carefulness, likelihood of injury, severity of injury, and saliency. The icons \"Shake well,\" \"Poison,\" .. \"should be taken with plenty of water,\" \"for headaches,\" \"do not drink alcoholic beverages,\" and \"for the ear\" met the ISO 67% comprehension criteria. In a subsequent study, a sample of 51 undergraduates rated 24 pharmaceutical labels varying in colors, icon, and verbal content across understandability, carefullness, likelihood of injury, readability, severity of injury, and saliency. An icon with a slash through it was rated higher across all dependent variables. Red was rated highest along the injury variables, whereas yellow was rated highest in readability and understandability. Furthermore, text that was shortened and in larger print, yet connoted the same meaning was rated higher across all dependent measures. Implications for warning design are discussed.","abstract_html":"Current standards on warning design recommend including icons on various product labels to increase saliency and reinforce meaning. In order to examine if icons are understandable and salient, Experiment 1 consisted of a sample of 489 undergraduate students rating 43 pharmaceutical pictorials with regards to understandability, carefulness, likelihood of injury, severity of injury, and saliency. The icons "Shake well," "Poison," .. "should be taken with plenty of water," "for headaches," "do not drink alcoholic beverages," and "for the ear" met the ISO 67% comprehension criteria. In a subsequent study, a sample of 51 undergraduates rated 24 pharmaceutical labels varying in colors, icon, and verbal content across understandability, carefullness, likelihood of injury, readability, severity of injury, and saliency. An icon with a slash through it was rated higher across all dependent variables. Red was rated highest along the injury variables, whereas yellow was rated highest in readability and understandability. Furthermore, text that was shortened and in larger print, yet connoted the same meaning was rated higher across all dependent measures. Implications for warning design are discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["McCafferty, Melissa Marie"],"institution":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["N. Clayton Silver"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1999,"date_issued":"1999-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1999-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:24:53Z","subjects":[],"languages":["English"],"rights":["IN COPYRIGHT. For more information about this rights statement, please visit http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/rtds/978"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/rtds/978","href":"https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/rtds/978","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.25669/6iqa-xc06","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["N. 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The icons \"Shake well,\" \"Poison,\" .. \"should be taken with plenty of water,\" \"for headaches,\" \"do not drink alcoholic beverages,\" and \"for the ear\" met the ISO 67% comprehension criteria. In a subsequent study, a sample of 51 undergraduates rated 24 pharmaceutical labels varying in colors, icon, and verbal content across understandability, carefullness, likelihood of injury, readability, severity of injury, and saliency. An icon with a slash through it was rated higher across all dependent variables. Red was rated highest along the injury variables, whereas yellow was rated highest in readability and understandability. Furthermore, text that was shortened and in larger print, yet connoted the same meaning was rated higher across all dependent measures. Implications for warning design are discussed."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Perceived readability, understandability, and hazardousness of prescription drug warning labels as a function of icon, font size, and color"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["N. Clayton Silver"],"dc:creator":["McCafferty, Melissa Marie"],"dc:description.abstract":["Current standards on warning design recommend including icons on various product labels to increase saliency and reinforce meaning. In order to examine if icons are understandable and salient, Experiment 1 consisted of a sample of 489 undergraduate students rating 43 pharmaceutical pictorials with regards to understandability, carefulness, likelihood of injury, severity of injury, and saliency. The icons \"Shake well,\" \"Poison,\" .. \"should be taken with plenty of water,\" \"for headaches,\" \"do not drink alcoholic beverages,\" and \"for the ear\" met the ISO 67% comprehension criteria. In a subsequent study, a sample of 51 undergraduates rated 24 pharmaceutical labels varying in colors, icon, and verbal content across understandability, carefullness, likelihood of injury, readability, severity of injury, and saliency. An icon with a slash through it was rated higher across all dependent variables. Red was rated highest along the injury variables, whereas yellow was rated highest in readability and understandability. Furthermore, text that was shortened and in larger print, yet connoted the same meaning was rated higher across all dependent measures. Implications for warning design are discussed."],"dc:format":["pdf"],"dc:identifier":["10.25669/6iqa-xc06","https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/rtds/978","https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/context/rtds/article/1977/viewcontent/uc.pdf"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["University of Nevada, Las Vegas"],"dc:rights":["IN COPYRIGHT. For more information about this rights statement, please visit http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Perceived readability, understandability, and hazardousness of prescription drug warning labels as a function of icon, font size, and color"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:24:53Z"}