As we encounter other people, we form impressions of and judgments about them. Based on these evaluations, we choose whether we want to interact any further, and if we do, what type of relationship we want to have. Although such choices can have far-reaching consequences, we typically base them on tacit knowledge. Our abilities to reason about our own and others’ personalities—abilities theorized to be part of a personal intelligence (Mayer, 2008)—determine in part the relationship outcomes we experience.
The existence of such an intelligence implies that people have a “database” they consult when making personality-relevant decisions. This raises the question: Can people readily recall events in which they learned about someone else’s personality? In three studies, I show that most college students described an episode that taught them about positive and negative personality characteristics. The perceived costs and benefits associated with the target predicted whether the relationship strengthened or weakened after learning took place (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, independent trained judges detected differences in sophistication significantly related to ability-based personal intelligence (Study 3). These findings suggest that people, with varying nuance, note personality information that they perceive as making another person a suitable or useful social companion. People also infer life lessons from their everyday “personality education.”
","abstract_html":"<p>As we encounter other people, we form impressions of and judgments about them. Based on these evaluations, we choose whether we want to interact any further, and if we do, what type of relationship we want to have. Although such choices can have far-reaching consequences, we typically base them on tacit knowledge. Our abilities to reason about our own and others’ personalities—abilities theorized to be part of a personal intelligence (Mayer, 2008)—determine in part the relationship outcomes we experience.</p> <p>The existence of such an intelligence implies that people have a “database” they consult when making personality-relevant decisions. This raises the question: Can people readily recall events in which they learned about someone else’s personality? In three studies, I show that most college students described an episode that taught them about positive and negative personality characteristics. The perceived costs and benefits associated with the target predicted whether the relationship strengthened or weakened after learning took place (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, independent trained judges detected differences in sophistication significantly related to ability-based personal intelligence (Study 3). These findings suggest that people, with varying nuance, note personality information that they perceive as making another person a suitable or useful social companion. People also infer life lessons from their everyday “personality education.”</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Allen, Jayne L."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["John D. Mayer","David B. Pillemer","Rebecca M. Warner"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:22:01Z","subjects":["interpersonal distance","learning","personal intelligence","personality","Personality psychology","Social psychology","Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/135","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["John D. Mayer","David B. Pillemer","Rebecca M. Warner"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Allen, Jayne L."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["interpersonal distance","learning","personal intelligence","personality","Personality psychology","Social psychology","Psychology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/135"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["As we encounter other people, we form impressions of and judgments about them. Based on these evaluations, we choose whether we want to interact any further, and if we do, what type of relationship we want to have. Although such choices can have far-reaching consequences, we typically base them on tacit knowledge. Our abilities to reason about our own and others’ personalities—abilities theorized to be part of a personal intelligence (Mayer, 2008)—determine in part the relationship outcomes we experience.
The existence of such an intelligence implies that people have a “database” they consult when making personality-relevant decisions. This raises the question: Can people readily recall events in which they learned about someone else’s personality? In three studies, I show that most college students described an episode that taught them about positive and negative personality characteristics. The perceived costs and benefits associated with the target predicted whether the relationship strengthened or weakened after learning took place (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, independent trained judges detected differences in sophistication significantly related to ability-based personal intelligence (Study 3). These findings suggest that people, with varying nuance, note personality information that they perceive as making another person a suitable or useful social companion. People also infer life lessons from their everyday “personality education.”
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Personal Intelligence and Learning about Personality in Everyday Life"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["John D. Mayer","David B. Pillemer","Rebecca M. Warner"],"dc:creator":["Allen, Jayne L."],"dc:description.abstract":["As we encounter other people, we form impressions of and judgments about them. Based on these evaluations, we choose whether we want to interact any further, and if we do, what type of relationship we want to have. Although such choices can have far-reaching consequences, we typically base them on tacit knowledge. Our abilities to reason about our own and others’ personalities—abilities theorized to be part of a personal intelligence (Mayer, 2008)—determine in part the relationship outcomes we experience.
The existence of such an intelligence implies that people have a “database” they consult when making personality-relevant decisions. This raises the question: Can people readily recall events in which they learned about someone else’s personality? In three studies, I show that most college students described an episode that taught them about positive and negative personality characteristics. The perceived costs and benefits associated with the target predicted whether the relationship strengthened or weakened after learning took place (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, independent trained judges detected differences in sophistication significantly related to ability-based personal intelligence (Study 3). These findings suggest that people, with varying nuance, note personality information that they perceive as making another person a suitable or useful social companion. People also infer life lessons from their everyday “personality education.”
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/135"],"dc:subject":["interpersonal distance","learning","personal intelligence","personality","Personality psychology","Social psychology","Psychology"],"dc:title":["Personal Intelligence and Learning about Personality in Everyday Life"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:22:01Z"}