{"id":{"repo_id":"umkc","oai_identifier":"oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/50814"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/umkc/oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/50814","repository":{"repo_id":"umkc","name":"University of Missouri - Kansas City","base_url":"https://mospace.umsystem.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The roles of dispositional flow, dispositional mindfulness, and self-compassion in the Objectification Theory Framework","abstract":"Women are at greater risk than men for experiencing eating disorders, depression, and sexual dysfunction (American Psychological Association, 2007; Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) was proposed to explain one process through which sexist social experiences affect women’s mental health outcomes. Objectification theory posits that women are frequently treated as objects in Western society, and that they internalize this treatment such that they view themselves as objects. This selfobjectification affects their experience of themselves in the world, heightening body-related shame and appearance- and safety-related anxiety. It also makes it more difficult for women to feel connected with their bodies and to experience flow, a pleasant sensation of feeling absorbed in the present moment. Flow has a rich body of research dating back to at least 1975, when Csikszentmihalyi wrote about flow as experienced by chess players, dancers, rock climbers, and surgeons. Historically, however, objectification theory researchers have used measures of flow not grounded in Csikszentmihalyi’s multi-dimensional conceptualization. One purpose of the present study was to investigate the aspects of flow most relevant to objectification theory (i.e., concentration, control, and loss of selfconsciousness) using an appropriate, validated measure. A second purpose of the present study was to explore mindfulness and selfcompassion as potential moderators within the objectification theory framework. These strength-based practices have received recent attention for treatment of anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns. We studied mindfulness and self-compassion at the trait level as a first step in exploring how these cultivatable strengths may buffer against the deleterious effects of objectification. The present study used a correlational design to explore relationships among objectification theory variables and hypothesized strength-based moderators. We sampled data obtained from 500 women recruited through three different methods who completed an online survey consisting of 11 different measures. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Hypothesized moderated relationships were generally not supported, although most correlations were in the expected directions. Overall, results underscored the need to a) study flow within the objectification theory framework using a multi-dimensional conceptualization and b) develop strength-based interventions for treating women’s mental health concerns.","abstract_html":"Women are at greater risk than men for experiencing eating disorders, depression, and sexual dysfunction (American Psychological Association, 2007; Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) was proposed to explain one process through which sexist social experiences affect women’s mental health outcomes. Objectification theory posits that women are frequently treated as objects in Western society, and that they internalize this treatment such that they view themselves as objects. This selfobjectification affects their experience of themselves in the world, heightening body-related shame and appearance- and safety-related anxiety. It also makes it more difficult for women to feel connected with their bodies and to experience flow, a pleasant sensation of feeling absorbed in the present moment. Flow has a rich body of research dating back to at least 1975, when Csikszentmihalyi wrote about flow as experienced by chess players, dancers, rock climbers, and surgeons. Historically, however, objectification theory researchers have used measures of flow not grounded in Csikszentmihalyi’s multi-dimensional conceptualization. One purpose of the present study was to investigate the aspects of flow most relevant to objectification theory (i.e., concentration, control, and loss of selfconsciousness) using an appropriate, validated measure. A second purpose of the present study was to explore mindfulness and selfcompassion as potential moderators within the objectification theory framework. These strength-based practices have received recent attention for treatment of anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns. We studied mindfulness and self-compassion at the trait level as a first step in exploring how these cultivatable strengths may buffer against the deleterious effects of objectification. The present study used a correlational design to explore relationships among objectification theory variables and hypothesized strength-based moderators. We sampled data obtained from 500 women recruited through three different methods who completed an online survey consisting of 11 different measures. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Hypothesized moderated relationships were generally not supported, although most correlations were in the expected directions. Overall, results underscored the need to a) study flow within the objectification theory framework using a multi-dimensional conceptualization and b) develop strength-based interventions for treating women’s mental health concerns.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Grotewiel, Morgan M."],"institution":"University of Missouri–Kansas City","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Doctoral","degree_discipline":"Counseling Psychology (UMKC)","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Marszalek, Jacob M."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016","date_published":"2016","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:19:02Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10355/50814","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Marszalek, Jacob M."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Grotewiel, Morgan M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-08-22T17:24:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-08-22T17:24:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2016"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Missouri–Kansas City"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Counseling Psychology (UMKC)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Missouri--Kansas City"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/50814"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Title from PDF of title page, viewed on August 23, 2016","Dissertation advisor: Jacob M. Marszalek","Vita","Includes bibliographical references (pages 202-229)","Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2016"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Women are at greater risk than men for experiencing eating disorders, depression, and sexual dysfunction (American Psychological Association, 2007; Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) was proposed to explain one process through which sexist social experiences affect women’s mental health outcomes. Objectification theory posits that women are frequently treated as objects in Western society, and that they internalize this treatment such that they view themselves as objects. This selfobjectification affects their experience of themselves in the world, heightening body-related shame and appearance- and safety-related anxiety. It also makes it more difficult for women to feel connected with their bodies and to experience flow, a pleasant sensation of feeling absorbed in the present moment. Flow has a rich body of research dating back to at least 1975, when Csikszentmihalyi wrote about flow as experienced by chess players, dancers, rock climbers, and surgeons. Historically, however, objectification theory researchers have used measures of flow not grounded in Csikszentmihalyi’s multi-dimensional conceptualization. One purpose of the present study was to investigate the aspects of flow most relevant to objectification theory (i.e., concentration, control, and loss of selfconsciousness) using an appropriate, validated measure. A second purpose of the present study was to explore mindfulness and selfcompassion as potential moderators within the objectification theory framework. These strength-based practices have received recent attention for treatment of anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns. We studied mindfulness and self-compassion at the trait level as a first step in exploring how these cultivatable strengths may buffer against the deleterious effects of objectification. The present study used a correlational design to explore relationships among objectification theory variables and hypothesized strength-based moderators. We sampled data obtained from 500 women recruited through three different methods who completed an online survey consisting of 11 different measures. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Hypothesized moderated relationships were generally not supported, although most correlations were in the expected directions. Overall, results underscored the need to a) study flow within the objectification theory framework using a multi-dimensional conceptualization and b) develop strength-based interventions for treating women’s mental health concerns."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The roles of dispositional flow, dispositional mindfulness, and self-compassion in the Objectification Theory Framework"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Marszalek, Jacob M."],"dc:creator":["Grotewiel, Morgan M."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2016-08-22T17:24:12Z"],"dc:date.available":["2016-08-22T17:24:12Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2016"],"dc:description":["Title from PDF of title page, viewed on August 23, 2016","Dissertation advisor: Jacob M. Marszalek","Vita","Includes bibliographical references (pages 202-229)","Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2016"],"dc:description.abstract":["Women are at greater risk than men for experiencing eating disorders, depression, and sexual dysfunction (American Psychological Association, 2007; Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) was proposed to explain one process through which sexist social experiences affect women’s mental health outcomes. Objectification theory posits that women are frequently treated as objects in Western society, and that they internalize this treatment such that they view themselves as objects. This selfobjectification affects their experience of themselves in the world, heightening body-related shame and appearance- and safety-related anxiety. It also makes it more difficult for women to feel connected with their bodies and to experience flow, a pleasant sensation of feeling absorbed in the present moment. 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We studied mindfulness and self-compassion at the trait level as a first step in exploring how these cultivatable strengths may buffer against the deleterious effects of objectification. The present study used a correlational design to explore relationships among objectification theory variables and hypothesized strength-based moderators. We sampled data obtained from 500 women recruited through three different methods who completed an online survey consisting of 11 different measures. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Hypothesized moderated relationships were generally not supported, although most correlations were in the expected directions. Overall, results underscored the need to a) study flow within the objectification theory framework using a multi-dimensional conceptualization and b) develop strength-based interventions for treating women’s mental health concerns."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/50814"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["University of Missouri–Kansas City"],"dc:title":["The roles of dispositional flow, dispositional mindfulness, and self-compassion in the Objectification Theory Framework"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Counseling Psychology (UMKC)"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Missouri--Kansas City"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:19:02Z"}