{"id":{"repo_id":"umkc","oai_identifier":"oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/47959"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/umkc/oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/47959","repository":{"repo_id":"umkc","name":"University of Missouri - Kansas City","base_url":"https://mospace.umsystem.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Sikh Men Post 9/11: Visible Markers of Religion, Perceived Religious Discrimination, and Career Barriers","abstract":"The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 (9/11) stand out as a monumental event that is marked as a sad day in our society’s recent history and an even scarier reality of religious discrimination for Muslim Americans and “Arab-appearing” individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of Sikh men after 9/11. The sample included 231 Sikh men. Hypothesis 1 proposed that discrimination would mediate the relationship between visible markers of religion and psychological distress. Hypothesis 2 stated that discrimination would mediate the relationship between visible markers of religion and career barriers. Results supported hypotheses. An unexpected finding emerged in which higher career barriers predicted more psychological distress. Implications and future directions are discussed.","abstract_html":"The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 (9/11) stand out as a monumental event that is marked as a sad day in our society’s recent history and an even scarier reality of religious discrimination for Muslim Americans and “Arab-appearing” individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of Sikh men after 9/11. The sample included 231 Sikh men. Hypothesis 1 proposed that discrimination would mediate the relationship between visible markers of religion and psychological distress. Hypothesis 2 stated that discrimination would mediate the relationship between visible markers of religion and career barriers. Results supported hypotheses. An unexpected finding emerged in which higher career barriers predicted more psychological distress. Implications and future directions are discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Virdi, Kamaljit Kaur"],"institution":"University of Missouri--Kansas City","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Doctoral","degree_discipline":"Counseling Psychology (UMKC)","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Brown, Chrisanthia, 1957-"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015","date_published":"2015","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:16:32Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10355/47959","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Brown, Chrisanthia, 1957-"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Virdi, Kamaljit Kaur"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-01-13T20:19:53Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-01-13T20:19:53Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2015"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Counseling Psychology (UMKC)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Missouri--Kansas City"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/47959"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Title from PDF of title page, viewed on January 19, 2016","Dissertation advisor: Chris Brown","Vita","Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-134)","Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2016"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 (9/11) stand out as a monumental event that is marked as a sad day in our society’s recent history and an even scarier reality of religious discrimination for Muslim Americans and “Arab-appearing” individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of Sikh men after 9/11. The sample included 231 Sikh men. Hypothesis 1 proposed that discrimination would mediate the relationship between visible markers of religion and psychological distress. Hypothesis 2 stated that discrimination would mediate the relationship between visible markers of religion and career barriers. Results supported hypotheses. An unexpected finding emerged in which higher career barriers predicted more psychological distress. Implications and future directions are discussed."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Sikh Men Post 9/11: Visible Markers of Religion, Perceived Religious Discrimination, and Career Barriers"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Brown, Chrisanthia, 1957-"],"dc:creator":["Virdi, Kamaljit Kaur"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2016-01-13T20:19:53Z"],"dc:date.available":["2016-01-13T20:19:53Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2015"],"dc:description":["Title from PDF of title page, viewed on January 19, 2016","Dissertation advisor: Chris Brown","Vita","Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-134)","Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2016"],"dc:description.abstract":["The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 (9/11) stand out as a monumental event that is marked as a sad day in our society’s recent history and an even scarier reality of religious discrimination for Muslim Americans and “Arab-appearing” individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of Sikh men after 9/11. The sample included 231 Sikh men. Hypothesis 1 proposed that discrimination would mediate the relationship between visible markers of religion and psychological distress. Hypothesis 2 stated that discrimination would mediate the relationship between visible markers of religion and career barriers. Results supported hypotheses. An unexpected finding emerged in which higher career barriers predicted more psychological distress. Implications and future directions are discussed."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/47959"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:title":["Sikh Men Post 9/11: Visible Markers of Religion, Perceived Religious Discrimination, and Career Barriers"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Counseling Psychology (UMKC)"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Missouri--Kansas City"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:16:32Z"}