{"id":{"repo_id":"umkc","oai_identifier":"oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/112345"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/umkc/oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/112345","repository":{"repo_id":"umkc","name":"University of Missouri - Kansas City","base_url":"https://mospace.umsystem.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Development of a biofidelic cranial bone surrogate using additive manufacturing","abstract":"Cranial bone surrogates are widely used in many applications, including mechanical, impact and blast, and biomedical testing. Such surrogate models often attempt to mimic the properties of bone to achieve best results. This research focuses on using additive manufacturing to develop a 3D printed cranial bone surrogate that closely replicates the mechanical, structural, and dielectric properties of the native skull. Multiple 3D printing technologies were explored, including material jetting, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and stereolithography (SLA). Several materials were selected for investigation, with varying sample types for each material. Mechanical evaluation included both tensile and flexural testing. Porosity was introduced into specific materials using select methods to recreate the internal trabecular structure of cranial bone. Dielectric testing was also performed to compare complex permittivity results to native cranial bone. Results indicated that two materials, PPS-GF and Rigid 10K, were best suited to replicate the properties of native cranial bone. The porous samples of both the PPS-GF and Rigid 10k materials also showed significant promise for mechanical and structural behavior. Further development of this surrogate model is recommended, with suggestions for future studies provided.","abstract_html":"Cranial bone surrogates are widely used in many applications, including mechanical, impact and blast, and biomedical testing. Such surrogate models often attempt to mimic the properties of bone to achieve best results. This research focuses on using additive manufacturing to develop a 3D printed cranial bone surrogate that closely replicates the mechanical, structural, and dielectric properties of the native skull. Multiple 3D printing technologies were explored, including material jetting, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and stereolithography (SLA). Several materials were selected for investigation, with varying sample types for each material. Mechanical evaluation included both tensile and flexural testing. Porosity was introduced into specific materials using select methods to recreate the internal trabecular structure of cranial bone. Dielectric testing was also performed to compare complex permittivity results to native cranial bone. Results indicated that two materials, PPS-GF and Rigid 10K, were best suited to replicate the properties of native cranial bone. The porous samples of both the PPS-GF and Rigid 10k materials also showed significant promise for mechanical and structural behavior. Further development of this surrogate model is recommended, with suggestions for future studies provided.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Krebs, Charles Jackson"],"institution":"University of Missouri--Kansas City","degree_name":"M.S. (Master of Science)","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Engineering (UMKC)","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Thiagarajan, Ganesh, 1963-"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2026,"date_issued":"2026","date_published":"2026","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:18:49Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10355/112345","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Thiagarajan, Ganesh, 1963-"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Krebs, Charles Jackson"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2026-06-23T19:08:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2026-06-23T19:08:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2026"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Engineering (UMKC)","Biomedical and Health Informatics (UMKC)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S. 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University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2026"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Cranial bone surrogates are widely used in many applications, including mechanical, impact and blast, and biomedical testing. Such surrogate models often attempt to mimic the properties of bone to achieve best results. This research focuses on using additive manufacturing to develop a 3D printed cranial bone surrogate that closely replicates the mechanical, structural, and dielectric properties of the native skull. Multiple 3D printing technologies were explored, including material jetting, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and stereolithography (SLA). Several materials were selected for investigation, with varying sample types for each material. Mechanical evaluation included both tensile and flexural testing. Porosity was introduced into specific materials using select methods to recreate the internal trabecular structure of cranial bone. Dielectric testing was also performed to compare complex permittivity results to native cranial bone. Results indicated that two materials, PPS-GF and Rigid 10K, were best suited to replicate the properties of native cranial bone. The porous samples of both the PPS-GF and Rigid 10k materials also showed significant promise for mechanical and structural behavior. Further development of this surrogate model is recommended, with suggestions for future studies provided."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Development of a biofidelic cranial bone surrogate using additive manufacturing"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Thiagarajan, Ganesh, 1963-"],"dc:creator":["Krebs, Charles Jackson"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2026-06-23T19:08:37Z"],"dc:date.available":["2026-06-23T19:08:37Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2026"],"dc:description":["Title from PDF of title page viewed July 1, 2026","Vita","Thesis advisor: Thiagarajan Ganesh","Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-64)","Thesis (M.S.)--School of Computing and Engineering and School of Medicine. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2026"],"dc:description.abstract":["Cranial bone surrogates are widely used in many applications, including mechanical, impact and blast, and biomedical testing. Such surrogate models often attempt to mimic the properties of bone to achieve best results. This research focuses on using additive manufacturing to develop a 3D printed cranial bone surrogate that closely replicates the mechanical, structural, and dielectric properties of the native skull. Multiple 3D printing technologies were explored, including material jetting, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and stereolithography (SLA). Several materials were selected for investigation, with varying sample types for each material. Mechanical evaluation included both tensile and flexural testing. Porosity was introduced into specific materials using select methods to recreate the internal trabecular structure of cranial bone. Dielectric testing was also performed to compare complex permittivity results to native cranial bone. Results indicated that two materials, PPS-GF and Rigid 10K, were best suited to replicate the properties of native cranial bone. The porous samples of both the PPS-GF and Rigid 10k materials also showed significant promise for mechanical and structural behavior. Further development of this surrogate model is recommended, with suggestions for future studies provided."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/112345"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:title":["Development of a biofidelic cranial bone surrogate using additive manufacturing"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Engineering (UMKC)","Biomedical and Health Informatics (UMKC)"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S. (Master of Science)"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Missouri--Kansas City"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:18:49Z"}