{"id":{"repo_id":"umkc","oai_identifier":"oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/110042"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/umkc/oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/110042","repository":{"repo_id":"umkc","name":"University of Missouri - Kansas City","base_url":"https://mospace.umsystem.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"An electrochemical pipette for the study of drug metabolite","abstract":"Electrochemistry offers an effective means of mimicking enzymatic metabolite pathways, particularly the oxidative pathways catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 superfamily. The electrochemical generation and identification of metabolites are time-sensitive, necessitating adjustable cell designs for accurate mechanistic interpretation. In chapters one and two, we present a thin-layer electrode (TLE) that addresses the needs of both analytical and synthetic electrochemical generation of drug metabolites. TLE’s ability to conduct experiments on a minute-to-hour timescale allows for detailed observation of reaction mechanisms for metabolites not easily identified by traditional methods. In chapter three, the utility of the TLE for drug metabolite was benchmarked for electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen, acebutolol, and 2-acetyl-4-butyramidophenol, known to produce quinone imine metabolites, i.e., NAPQI, upon oxidation. When combined with a microelectrode (μE), the TLE enables probing the concentration profiles for metabolic oxidation of these drugs. The micromole scale and pipette-type structure of the TLE facilitate comprehensive structural elucidation of intermediates and products using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.","abstract_html":"Electrochemistry offers an effective means of mimicking enzymatic metabolite pathways, particularly the oxidative pathways catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 superfamily. The electrochemical generation and identification of metabolites are time-sensitive, necessitating adjustable cell designs for accurate mechanistic interpretation. In chapters one and two, we present a thin-layer electrode (TLE) that addresses the needs of both analytical and synthetic electrochemical generation of drug metabolites. TLE’s ability to conduct experiments on a minute-to-hour timescale allows for detailed observation of reaction mechanisms for metabolites not easily identified by traditional methods. In chapter three, the utility of the TLE for drug metabolite was benchmarked for electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen, acebutolol, and 2-acetyl-4-butyramidophenol, known to produce quinone imine metabolites, i.e., NAPQI, upon oxidation. When combined with a microelectrode (μE), the TLE enables probing the concentration profiles for metabolic oxidation of these drugs. The micromole scale and pipette-type structure of the TLE facilitate comprehensive structural elucidation of intermediates and products using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Nikzad, Nastaran"],"institution":"University of Missouri--Kansas City","degree_name":"M.S. (Master of Science)","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Chemistry (UMKC)","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Rafiee, Mohammad"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025","date_published":"2025","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:18:34Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10355/110042","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Rafiee, Mohammad"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Nikzad, Nastaran"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2026-01-07T13:20:39Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2026-01-07T13:20:39Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry (UMKC)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S. (Master of Science)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Missouri--Kansas City"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/110042"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Title from PDF of title page, viewed January 7, 2026","Thesis advisor: Mohammad Rafiee","Vita","Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-56)","Thesis (M.S.)--Department of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2025"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Electrochemistry offers an effective means of mimicking enzymatic metabolite pathways, particularly the oxidative pathways catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 superfamily. The electrochemical generation and identification of metabolites are time-sensitive, necessitating adjustable cell designs for accurate mechanistic interpretation. In chapters one and two, we present a thin-layer electrode (TLE) that addresses the needs of both analytical and synthetic electrochemical generation of drug metabolites. TLE’s ability to conduct experiments on a minute-to-hour timescale allows for detailed observation of reaction mechanisms for metabolites not easily identified by traditional methods. In chapter three, the utility of the TLE for drug metabolite was benchmarked for electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen, acebutolol, and 2-acetyl-4-butyramidophenol, known to produce quinone imine metabolites, i.e., NAPQI, upon oxidation. When combined with a microelectrode (μE), the TLE enables probing the concentration profiles for metabolic oxidation of these drugs. The micromole scale and pipette-type structure of the TLE facilitate comprehensive structural elucidation of intermediates and products using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An electrochemical pipette for the study of drug metabolite"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Rafiee, Mohammad"],"dc:creator":["Nikzad, Nastaran"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2026-01-07T13:20:39Z"],"dc:date.available":["2026-01-07T13:20:39Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2025"],"dc:description":["Title from PDF of title page, viewed January 7, 2026","Thesis advisor: Mohammad Rafiee","Vita","Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-56)","Thesis (M.S.)--Department of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2025"],"dc:description.abstract":["Electrochemistry offers an effective means of mimicking enzymatic metabolite pathways, particularly the oxidative pathways catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 superfamily. The electrochemical generation and identification of metabolites are time-sensitive, necessitating adjustable cell designs for accurate mechanistic interpretation. In chapters one and two, we present a thin-layer electrode (TLE) that addresses the needs of both analytical and synthetic electrochemical generation of drug metabolites. TLE’s ability to conduct experiments on a minute-to-hour timescale allows for detailed observation of reaction mechanisms for metabolites not easily identified by traditional methods. In chapter three, the utility of the TLE for drug metabolite was benchmarked for electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen, acebutolol, and 2-acetyl-4-butyramidophenol, known to produce quinone imine metabolites, i.e., NAPQI, upon oxidation. When combined with a microelectrode (μE), the TLE enables probing the concentration profiles for metabolic oxidation of these drugs. The micromole scale and pipette-type structure of the TLE facilitate comprehensive structural elucidation of intermediates and products using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/110042"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:title":["An electrochemical pipette for the study of drug metabolite"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry (UMKC)"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S. (Master of Science)"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Missouri--Kansas City"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:18:34Z"}