{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/98436"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/98436","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Conservation biological control in a multi-strata agroforestry system","abstract":"Polyculture agroforestry is a new sustainable agriculture system modelled on the plant structural and species diversity of native oak savanna. Advocates of the system claim that it will advance conservation goals by providing ecosystem services like habitat provision and carbon sequestration, but also provide localized ecosystem services that benefit farmers. Pest control by wild predators and parasitoids could be an especially valuable service in fruits and nuts, the main cash crops in polyculture agroforestry systems. To understand how diverse agroforestry’s unique traits would affect pest control, I evaluated the response of arthropod pest and natural enemy guilds to variations in shrub layer composition and alley mowing. Shrub composition affected guilds on shrubs but had little effect on arthropods in neighboring apple trees. Pest guilds linked to apple damage were not affected by shrub composition, and pest damage rates were unchanged. Mowing did cause arthropods in groundcover to use shrubs and trees as refuge habitat. However, the shrubs and trees that offered suitable refuge were alternate hosts to pest insects. Mowing thus increased abundance of pests but not enemies, likely resulting in higher rates of pest damage rather than the opposite. I found no evidence that either strategy has potential to improve pest outcomes. Overall, I conclude that pest management in polyculture agroforestry systems is likely to be an obstacle for farmers rather than a boon. This fact should be made clear to potential adopters of the system, and future designs should choose crops that are tolerant or immune to pest damage to the extent possible.","abstract_html":"Polyculture agroforestry is a new sustainable agriculture system modelled on the plant structural and species diversity of native oak savanna. Advocates of the system claim that it will advance conservation goals by providing ecosystem services like habitat provision and carbon sequestration, but also provide localized ecosystem services that benefit farmers. Pest control by wild predators and parasitoids could be an especially valuable service in fruits and nuts, the main cash crops in polyculture agroforestry systems. To understand how diverse agroforestry’s unique traits would affect pest control, I evaluated the response of arthropod pest and natural enemy guilds to variations in shrub layer composition and alley mowing. Shrub composition affected guilds on shrubs but had little effect on arthropods in neighboring apple trees. Pest guilds linked to apple damage were not affected by shrub composition, and pest damage rates were unchanged. Mowing did cause arthropods in groundcover to use shrubs and trees as refuge habitat. However, the shrubs and trees that offered suitable refuge were alternate hosts to pest insects. Mowing thus increased abundance of pests but not enemies, likely resulting in higher rates of pest damage rather than the opposite. I found no evidence that either strategy has potential to improve pest outcomes. Overall, I conclude that pest management in polyculture agroforestry systems is likely to be an obstacle for farmers rather than a boon. This fact should be made clear to potential adopters of the system, and future designs should choose crops that are tolerant or immune to pest damage to the extent possible.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kranz, Adam"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Natural Res & Env Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Miller, James R.","Molano-Flores, Brenda","Wander, Michelle","Hanks, Lawrence"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-07-20","date_published":"2017-07-20","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:35Z","subjects":["Agroforestry","Conservation biological control","Intercropping","Natural enemies","Polyculture","Structural diversity","Mowing"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2017 Adam Kranz"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98436","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Miller, James R.","Molano-Flores, Brenda","Wander, Michelle","Hanks, Lawrence"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kranz, Adam"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2017-07-20","2017-09-29T17:57:12Z","2017-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Natural Res & Env Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Agroforestry","Conservation biological control","Intercropping","Natural enemies","Polyculture","Structural diversity","Mowing"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2017 Adam Kranz"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98436"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Polyculture agroforestry is a new sustainable agriculture system modelled on the plant structural and species diversity of native oak savanna. Advocates of the system claim that it will advance conservation goals by providing ecosystem services like habitat provision and carbon sequestration, but also provide localized ecosystem services that benefit farmers. Pest control by wild predators and parasitoids could be an especially valuable service in fruits and nuts, the main cash crops in polyculture agroforestry systems. To understand how diverse agroforestry’s unique traits would affect pest control, I evaluated the response of arthropod pest and natural enemy guilds to variations in shrub layer composition and alley mowing. Shrub composition affected guilds on shrubs but had little effect on arthropods in neighboring apple trees. Pest guilds linked to apple damage were not affected by shrub composition, and pest damage rates were unchanged. Mowing did cause arthropods in groundcover to use shrubs and trees as refuge habitat. However, the shrubs and trees that offered suitable refuge were alternate hosts to pest insects. Mowing thus increased abundance of pests but not enemies, likely resulting in higher rates of pest damage rather than the opposite. I found no evidence that either strategy has potential to improve pest outcomes. Overall, I conclude that pest management in polyculture agroforestry systems is likely to be an obstacle for farmers rather than a boon. This fact should be made clear to potential adopters of the system, and future designs should choose crops that are tolerant or immune to pest damage to the extent possible.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-09-29 without embargo terms","The student, Adam Kranz, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-20 at 12:19.","The student, Adam Kranz, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-07-20 at 12:24.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-07-20 at 16:55.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11553 on 2017-09-29 at 11:32:26","Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T17:57:12Z (GMT). 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Pest control by wild predators and parasitoids could be an especially valuable service in fruits and nuts, the main cash crops in polyculture agroforestry systems. To understand how diverse agroforestry’s unique traits would affect pest control, I evaluated the response of arthropod pest and natural enemy guilds to variations in shrub layer composition and alley mowing. Shrub composition affected guilds on shrubs but had little effect on arthropods in neighboring apple trees. Pest guilds linked to apple damage were not affected by shrub composition, and pest damage rates were unchanged. Mowing did cause arthropods in groundcover to use shrubs and trees as refuge habitat. However, the shrubs and trees that offered suitable refuge were alternate hosts to pest insects. Mowing thus increased abundance of pests but not enemies, likely resulting in higher rates of pest damage rather than the opposite. I found no evidence that either strategy has potential to improve pest outcomes. Overall, I conclude that pest management in polyculture agroforestry systems is likely to be an obstacle for farmers rather than a boon. This fact should be made clear to potential adopters of the system, and future designs should choose crops that are tolerant or immune to pest damage to the extent possible.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-09-29 without embargo terms","The student, Adam Kranz, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-20 at 12:19.","The student, Adam Kranz, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-07-20 at 12:24.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-07-20 at 16:55.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11553 on 2017-09-29 at 11:32:26","Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T17:57:12Z (GMT). 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