{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/98211"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/98211","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Sonocrystallization and sonofragmentation","abstract":"Acoustic cavitation occurs when ultrasound is applied to a liquid. Bubbles are generated, oscillate, expand and, when specific criteria are met, implosively collapse. These collapses generate hot spots and shockwaves. Hot spots have intense local temperatures (~5,000 K) and pressures (~1,000 atm), and a rapid heating and cooling rate (> 1010 K s-1). Shockwaves can induce crystallization, i.e., sonocrystallization, or break existing crystals, i.e., sonofragmentation in solid-liquid mixtures. The sonofragmentation of ionic and molecular crystals is discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. When ultrasound was applied to slurries of ionic or molecular crystals, crystal breakage occurred not by interparticle collision but by direct interactions between crystals and shockwaves. Sonofragmentation rates depended strongly on the strength of the crystal material, as described by its Vickers hardness or Young’s modulus. This is a mechanochemical extension of the Bell–Evans–Polanyi Principle or Hammond’s Postulate: i.e., activation energies for solid fracture correlate with the binding energies of solids. In addition, from comparisons of sonofragmentation patterns between ionic and molecular crystals, it was confirmed that the sonofragmentation of ionic crystals was more sensitive to changes in material hardness than that of molecular crystals. Finally, two possible mechanisms of particle breakage via sonofragmentation were suggested: particle breakage from defects formed by shock-induced compression-expansion of the initial crystal and particle breakage from defects created during shock-induced bending or torsion of the initial crystal. In Chapters 4 and 5, the sonocrystallization of pharmaceutical agents having inherently low water solubility is discussed. Chapter 4 describes the development of a spray sonocrystallization system. Spray sonocrystallization produced nano-scale carboxyphenyl salicylate crystals (c.a. 100 nm) with a narrow size distribution. The crystal size was controllable by changing the initial solute concentration. In Chapter 5, carbamazepine crystals were produced via various crystallization methods, including spray sonocrystallization. Crystal sizes, solubility and dissolution rates were compared among carbamazepine crystals generated by five different crystallization methods. Spray sonocrystallization produced the smallest crystals and resulted in the most rapid observed dissolution rate in water.","abstract_html":"Acoustic cavitation occurs when ultrasound is applied to a liquid. Bubbles are generated, oscillate, expand and, when specific criteria are met, implosively collapse. These collapses generate hot spots and shockwaves. Hot spots have intense local temperatures (~5,000 K) and pressures (~1,000 atm), and a rapid heating and cooling rate (> 1010 K s-1). Shockwaves can induce crystallization, i.e., sonocrystallization, or break existing crystals, i.e., sonofragmentation in solid-liquid mixtures. The sonofragmentation of ionic and molecular crystals is discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. When ultrasound was applied to slurries of ionic or molecular crystals, crystal breakage occurred not by interparticle collision but by direct interactions between crystals and shockwaves. Sonofragmentation rates depended strongly on the strength of the crystal material, as described by its Vickers hardness or Young’s modulus. This is a mechanochemical extension of the Bell–Evans–Polanyi Principle or Hammond’s Postulate: i.e., activation energies for solid fracture correlate with the binding energies of solids. In addition, from comparisons of sonofragmentation patterns between ionic and molecular crystals, it was confirmed that the sonofragmentation of ionic crystals was more sensitive to changes in material hardness than that of molecular crystals. Finally, two possible mechanisms of particle breakage via sonofragmentation were suggested: particle breakage from defects formed by shock-induced compression-expansion of the initial crystal and particle breakage from defects created during shock-induced bending or torsion of the initial crystal. In Chapters 4 and 5, the sonocrystallization of pharmaceutical agents having inherently low water solubility is discussed. Chapter 4 describes the development of a spray sonocrystallization system. Spray sonocrystallization produced nano-scale carboxyphenyl salicylate crystals (c.a. 100 nm) with a narrow size distribution. The crystal size was controllable by changing the initial solute concentration. In Chapter 5, carbamazepine crystals were produced via various crystallization methods, including spray sonocrystallization. Crystal sizes, solubility and dissolution rates were compared among carbamazepine crystals generated by five different crystallization methods. Spray sonocrystallization produced the smallest crystals and resulted in the most rapid observed dissolution rate in water.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kim, Hyo Na"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Suslick, Kenneth","Murphy, Catherine","Yang, Hong","Jain, Prashant"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-09-29T16:39:00Z","date_published":"2017-09-29T16:39:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:35Z","subjects":["Sonocrystallization","Sonofragmentation"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2017 Hyo Na Kim"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98211","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Suslick, Kenneth","Murphy, Catherine","Yang, Hong","Jain, Prashant"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kim, Hyo Na"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2017-09-29T16:39:00Z","2019-09-30T09:15:23Z","2017-05-10","2017-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Sonocrystallization","Sonofragmentation"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2017 Hyo Na Kim"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98211"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Acoustic cavitation occurs when ultrasound is applied to a liquid. Bubbles are generated, oscillate, expand and, when specific criteria are met, implosively collapse. These collapses generate hot spots and shockwaves. Hot spots have intense local temperatures (~5,000 K) and pressures (~1,000 atm), and a rapid heating and cooling rate (> 1010 K s-1). Shockwaves can induce crystallization, i.e., sonocrystallization, or break existing crystals, i.e., sonofragmentation in solid-liquid mixtures. The sonofragmentation of ionic and molecular crystals is discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. When ultrasound was applied to slurries of ionic or molecular crystals, crystal breakage occurred not by interparticle collision but by direct interactions between crystals and shockwaves. Sonofragmentation rates depended strongly on the strength of the crystal material, as described by its Vickers hardness or Young’s modulus. This is a mechanochemical extension of the Bell–Evans–Polanyi Principle or Hammond’s Postulate: i.e., activation energies for solid fracture correlate with the binding energies of solids. In addition, from comparisons of sonofragmentation patterns between ionic and molecular crystals, it was confirmed that the sonofragmentation of ionic crystals was more sensitive to changes in material hardness than that of molecular crystals. Finally, two possible mechanisms of particle breakage via sonofragmentation were suggested: particle breakage from defects formed by shock-induced compression-expansion of the initial crystal and particle breakage from defects created during shock-induced bending or torsion of the initial crystal. In Chapters 4 and 5, the sonocrystallization of pharmaceutical agents having inherently low water solubility is discussed. Chapter 4 describes the development of a spray sonocrystallization system. Spray sonocrystallization produced nano-scale carboxyphenyl salicylate crystals (c.a. 100 nm) with a narrow size distribution. The crystal size was controllable by changing the initial solute concentration. In Chapter 5, carbamazepine crystals were produced via various crystallization methods, including spray sonocrystallization. Crystal sizes, solubility and dissolution rates were compared among carbamazepine crystals generated by five different crystallization methods. Spray sonocrystallization produced the smallest crystals and resulted in the most rapid observed dissolution rate in water.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01","The student, Hyo Na Kim, accepted the attached license on 2017-05-09 at 14:40.","The student, Hyo Na Kim, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-05-09 at 14:42.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-05-10 at 08:32.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11150 on 2017-09-29 at 11:13:03","Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T16:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 KIM-DISSERTATION-2017.pdf: 6953379 bytes, checksum: 955d0a003ccc249eb5ed12aacc18613f (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4207 bytes, checksum: c5f1119a1f2008698c56900a6af24d39 (MD5) PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4553 bytes, checksum: 087ff459cc5dd316ee4a15919e39b902 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-10","Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 103358 Lift date: 2019-09-29T16:39:52Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 103358 Lift date: 2019-09-29T17:52:45Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 103358 on 2019-09-30T09:15:23Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Sonocrystallization and sonofragmentation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Suslick, Kenneth","Murphy, Catherine","Yang, Hong","Jain, Prashant"],"dc:creator":["Kim, Hyo Na"],"dc:date":["2017-09-29T16:39:00Z","2019-09-30T09:15:23Z","2017-05-10","2017-08"],"dc:description":["Acoustic cavitation occurs when ultrasound is applied to a liquid. Bubbles are generated, oscillate, expand and, when specific criteria are met, implosively collapse. These collapses generate hot spots and shockwaves. Hot spots have intense local temperatures (~5,000 K) and pressures (~1,000 atm), and a rapid heating and cooling rate (> 1010 K s-1). Shockwaves can induce crystallization, i.e., sonocrystallization, or break existing crystals, i.e., sonofragmentation in solid-liquid mixtures. The sonofragmentation of ionic and molecular crystals is discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. When ultrasound was applied to slurries of ionic or molecular crystals, crystal breakage occurred not by interparticle collision but by direct interactions between crystals and shockwaves. Sonofragmentation rates depended strongly on the strength of the crystal material, as described by its Vickers hardness or Young’s modulus. This is a mechanochemical extension of the Bell–Evans–Polanyi Principle or Hammond’s Postulate: i.e., activation energies for solid fracture correlate with the binding energies of solids. In addition, from comparisons of sonofragmentation patterns between ionic and molecular crystals, it was confirmed that the sonofragmentation of ionic crystals was more sensitive to changes in material hardness than that of molecular crystals. Finally, two possible mechanisms of particle breakage via sonofragmentation were suggested: particle breakage from defects formed by shock-induced compression-expansion of the initial crystal and particle breakage from defects created during shock-induced bending or torsion of the initial crystal. In Chapters 4 and 5, the sonocrystallization of pharmaceutical agents having inherently low water solubility is discussed. Chapter 4 describes the development of a spray sonocrystallization system. Spray sonocrystallization produced nano-scale carboxyphenyl salicylate crystals (c.a. 100 nm) with a narrow size distribution. The crystal size was controllable by changing the initial solute concentration. In Chapter 5, carbamazepine crystals were produced via various crystallization methods, including spray sonocrystallization. Crystal sizes, solubility and dissolution rates were compared among carbamazepine crystals generated by five different crystallization methods. Spray sonocrystallization produced the smallest crystals and resulted in the most rapid observed dissolution rate in water.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01","The student, Hyo Na Kim, accepted the attached license on 2017-05-09 at 14:40.","The student, Hyo Na Kim, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-05-09 at 14:42.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-05-10 at 08:32.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11150 on 2017-09-29 at 11:13:03","Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T16:39:00Z (GMT). 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