{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/98197"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/98197","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The acute effects of high-intensity interval and continuous aerobic exercise on physiological and functional outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that results in physiological deconditioning and walking impairments. High-intensity interval training exercise (HIIT) has induced significant improvements in physiological conditioning in healthy and clinical populations. However, the effects of engaging in HIIT on cardiorespiratory functioning, gait, and walking performance in persons with MS who have mobility impairments are relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of single sessions of HIIT and the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG) for aerobic exercise using recumbent stepping on physiological and functional outcomes in persons with MS. METHODS: 20 participants with mild-to-moderate MS underwent HIIT and CPAG exercise bouts. The HIIT bout included 10 cycles of one minute intervals at the wattage associated with 90% VO2peak followed by one-minute recovery intervals at 15W, totaling 20 minutes in length. The CPAG bout consisted of 20 minutes at the wattage associated with 50-60% VO2peak. All exercise sessions were preceded and concluded by a 5-minute warm-up and cool-down, respectively. Physiological (i.e., power output, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide expiration, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, and core temperature) and perceived training session tolerance (i.e., ratings of perceived exertion, arm pain, and leg pain) measures were collected within session, and functional (i.e., walking speed, spatiotemporal aspects of gait, and cognition), mood, and enjoyment measures were collected pre-, immediately-post, and 30-minutes post-exercise. Significant differences between the HIIT and CPAG protocols were determined using a repeated-measures, two-factor analysis of variance with condition (HIIT, CPAG) and time as within subject factors. RESULTS: The data revealed significant condition time interactions for all physiological measures, ratings of perceived exertion, and leg pain, with differential patterns evident over time for the HIIT versus CPAG conditions (p < .05). The main effect of condition was significant for all physiological outcomes, except core temperature, with the HIIT condition inducing significantly higher values for all physiological outcomes than the CPAG condition (p < .05). Core temperature increased during both conditions, but did not significantly differ by condition (p > .05). There were no significant condition time interactions or main effects of condition on arm pain, walking speed, spatiotemporal aspects of gait, or mood (p > .05). The main effect of time was significant for all physiological measures, perceived training session tolerance measures, all spatiotemporal aspects of gait, cognition, and mood (p < .05), except for anger and depression (p > .05). Walking speed did not significantly differ by time (p > .05). Participants enjoyed the HIIT and CPAG exercise sessions similarly (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that HIIT exercise taxes the cardiorespiratory system significantly more than CPAG exercise, yet without sustained deleterious effects on core temperature, walking, gait, cognition, mood, or enjoyment in persons with MS. This has important implications for informing an evidence-based exercise prescription that is appropriate for improving physiological conditioning for a randomized control trial in persons with MS who have walking impairments.","abstract_html":"BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that results in physiological deconditioning and walking impairments. High-intensity interval training exercise (HIIT) has induced significant improvements in physiological conditioning in healthy and clinical populations. However, the effects of engaging in HIIT on cardiorespiratory functioning, gait, and walking performance in persons with MS who have mobility impairments are relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of single sessions of HIIT and the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG) for aerobic exercise using recumbent stepping on physiological and functional outcomes in persons with MS. METHODS: 20 participants with mild-to-moderate MS underwent HIIT and CPAG exercise bouts. The HIIT bout included 10 cycles of one minute intervals at the wattage associated with 90% VO2peak followed by one-minute recovery intervals at 15W, totaling 20 minutes in length. The CPAG bout consisted of 20 minutes at the wattage associated with 50-60% VO2peak. All exercise sessions were preceded and concluded by a 5-minute warm-up and cool-down, respectively. Physiological (i.e., power output, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide expiration, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, and core temperature) and perceived training session tolerance (i.e., ratings of perceived exertion, arm pain, and leg pain) measures were collected within session, and functional (i.e., walking speed, spatiotemporal aspects of gait, and cognition), mood, and enjoyment measures were collected pre-, immediately-post, and 30-minutes post-exercise. Significant differences between the HIIT and CPAG protocols were determined using a repeated-measures, two-factor analysis of variance with condition (HIIT, CPAG) and time as within subject factors. RESULTS: The data revealed significant condition time interactions for all physiological measures, ratings of perceived exertion, and leg pain, with differential patterns evident over time for the HIIT versus CPAG conditions (p &lt; .05). The main effect of condition was significant for all physiological outcomes, except core temperature, with the HIIT condition inducing significantly higher values for all physiological outcomes than the CPAG condition (p &lt; .05). Core temperature increased during both conditions, but did not significantly differ by condition (p &gt; .05). There were no significant condition time interactions or main effects of condition on arm pain, walking speed, spatiotemporal aspects of gait, or mood (p &gt; .05). The main effect of time was significant for all physiological measures, perceived training session tolerance measures, all spatiotemporal aspects of gait, cognition, and mood (p &lt; .05), except for anger and depression (p &gt; .05). Walking speed did not significantly differ by time (p &gt; .05). Participants enjoyed the HIIT and CPAG exercise sessions similarly (p &gt; .05). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that HIIT exercise taxes the cardiorespiratory system significantly more than CPAG exercise, yet without sustained deleterious effects on core temperature, walking, gait, cognition, mood, or enjoyment in persons with MS. This has important implications for informing an evidence-based exercise prescription that is appropriate for improving physiological conditioning for a randomized control trial in persons with MS who have walking impairments.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hubbard, Elizabeth Anne"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Motl, Robert W.","Petruzzello, Steven J.","Burd, Nicholas A.","Fernhall, Bo"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-09-29T17:45:21Z","date_published":"2017-09-29T17:45:21Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:35Z","subjects":["Multiple sclerosis","High-intensity interval training","Exercise"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2017 Elizabeth Hubbard"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98197","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Motl, Robert W.","Petruzzello, Steven J.","Burd, Nicholas A.","Fernhall, Bo"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hubbard, Elizabeth Anne"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2017-09-29T17:45:21Z","2020-03-03T10:15:22Z","2017-07-05","2017-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Multiple sclerosis","High-intensity interval training","Exercise"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2017 Elizabeth Hubbard"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98197"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that results in physiological deconditioning and walking impairments. High-intensity interval training exercise (HIIT) has induced significant improvements in physiological conditioning in healthy and clinical populations. However, the effects of engaging in HIIT on cardiorespiratory functioning, gait, and walking performance in persons with MS who have mobility impairments are relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of single sessions of HIIT and the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG) for aerobic exercise using recumbent stepping on physiological and functional outcomes in persons with MS. METHODS: 20 participants with mild-to-moderate MS underwent HIIT and CPAG exercise bouts. The HIIT bout included 10 cycles of one minute intervals at the wattage associated with 90% VO2peak followed by one-minute recovery intervals at 15W, totaling 20 minutes in length. The CPAG bout consisted of 20 minutes at the wattage associated with 50-60% VO2peak. All exercise sessions were preceded and concluded by a 5-minute warm-up and cool-down, respectively. Physiological (i.e., power output, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide expiration, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, and core temperature) and perceived training session tolerance (i.e., ratings of perceived exertion, arm pain, and leg pain) measures were collected within session, and functional (i.e., walking speed, spatiotemporal aspects of gait, and cognition), mood, and enjoyment measures were collected pre-, immediately-post, and 30-minutes post-exercise. Significant differences between the HIIT and CPAG protocols were determined using a repeated-measures, two-factor analysis of variance with condition (HIIT, CPAG) and time as within subject factors. RESULTS: The data revealed significant condition time interactions for all physiological measures, ratings of perceived exertion, and leg pain, with differential patterns evident over time for the HIIT versus CPAG conditions (p < .05). The main effect of condition was significant for all physiological outcomes, except core temperature, with the HIIT condition inducing significantly higher values for all physiological outcomes than the CPAG condition (p < .05). Core temperature increased during both conditions, but did not significantly differ by condition (p > .05). There were no significant condition time interactions or main effects of condition on arm pain, walking speed, spatiotemporal aspects of gait, or mood (p > .05). The main effect of time was significant for all physiological measures, perceived training session tolerance measures, all spatiotemporal aspects of gait, cognition, and mood (p < .05), except for anger and depression (p > .05). Walking speed did not significantly differ by time (p > .05). Participants enjoyed the HIIT and CPAG exercise sessions similarly (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that HIIT exercise taxes the cardiorespiratory system significantly more than CPAG exercise, yet without sustained deleterious effects on core temperature, walking, gait, cognition, mood, or enjoyment in persons with MS. This has important implications for informing an evidence-based exercise prescription that is appropriate for improving physiological conditioning for a randomized control trial in persons with MS who have walking impairments.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01","The student, Elizabeth Hubbard, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-05 at 13:29.","The student, Elizabeth Hubbard, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-07-05 at 13:40.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-07-05 at 14:54.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11311 on 2017-09-29 at 10:46:41","Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T17:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 HUBBARD-DISSERTATION-2017.pdf: 4072328 bytes, checksum: ff2f55715bc6f6bf57f0a78b24d26f53 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4211 bytes, checksum: e010bad9b5a8a4224cf8f2c0476c96fb (MD5) PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4557 bytes, checksum: 63fed2bc2f6337290a1672848c479b44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-05","Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 103458 Lift date: 2019-09-29T17:48:06Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 103458 Lift date: 2020-03-02T19:56:41Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 103458 Lift date: 2020-03-02T19:59:52Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 103458 Lift date: 2020-03-02T20:02:46Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 103458 on 2020-03-03T10:15:22Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The acute effects of high-intensity interval and continuous aerobic exercise on physiological and functional outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Motl, Robert W.","Petruzzello, Steven J.","Burd, Nicholas A.","Fernhall, Bo"],"dc:creator":["Hubbard, Elizabeth Anne"],"dc:date":["2017-09-29T17:45:21Z","2020-03-03T10:15:22Z","2017-07-05","2017-08"],"dc:description":["BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that results in physiological deconditioning and walking impairments. High-intensity interval training exercise (HIIT) has induced significant improvements in physiological conditioning in healthy and clinical populations. However, the effects of engaging in HIIT on cardiorespiratory functioning, gait, and walking performance in persons with MS who have mobility impairments are relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of single sessions of HIIT and the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG) for aerobic exercise using recumbent stepping on physiological and functional outcomes in persons with MS. METHODS: 20 participants with mild-to-moderate MS underwent HIIT and CPAG exercise bouts. The HIIT bout included 10 cycles of one minute intervals at the wattage associated with 90% VO2peak followed by one-minute recovery intervals at 15W, totaling 20 minutes in length. The CPAG bout consisted of 20 minutes at the wattage associated with 50-60% VO2peak. All exercise sessions were preceded and concluded by a 5-minute warm-up and cool-down, respectively. Physiological (i.e., power output, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide expiration, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, and core temperature) and perceived training session tolerance (i.e., ratings of perceived exertion, arm pain, and leg pain) measures were collected within session, and functional (i.e., walking speed, spatiotemporal aspects of gait, and cognition), mood, and enjoyment measures were collected pre-, immediately-post, and 30-minutes post-exercise. Significant differences between the HIIT and CPAG protocols were determined using a repeated-measures, two-factor analysis of variance with condition (HIIT, CPAG) and time as within subject factors. RESULTS: The data revealed significant condition time interactions for all physiological measures, ratings of perceived exertion, and leg pain, with differential patterns evident over time for the HIIT versus CPAG conditions (p < .05). The main effect of condition was significant for all physiological outcomes, except core temperature, with the HIIT condition inducing significantly higher values for all physiological outcomes than the CPAG condition (p < .05). Core temperature increased during both conditions, but did not significantly differ by condition (p > .05). There were no significant condition time interactions or main effects of condition on arm pain, walking speed, spatiotemporal aspects of gait, or mood (p > .05). The main effect of time was significant for all physiological measures, perceived training session tolerance measures, all spatiotemporal aspects of gait, cognition, and mood (p < .05), except for anger and depression (p > .05). Walking speed did not significantly differ by time (p > .05). Participants enjoyed the HIIT and CPAG exercise sessions similarly (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that HIIT exercise taxes the cardiorespiratory system significantly more than CPAG exercise, yet without sustained deleterious effects on core temperature, walking, gait, cognition, mood, or enjoyment in persons with MS. This has important implications for informing an evidence-based exercise prescription that is appropriate for improving physiological conditioning for a randomized control trial in persons with MS who have walking impairments.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01","The student, Elizabeth Hubbard, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-05 at 13:29.","The student, Elizabeth Hubbard, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-07-05 at 13:40.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-07-05 at 14:54.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11311 on 2017-09-29 at 10:46:41","Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T17:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 HUBBARD-DISSERTATION-2017.pdf: 4072328 bytes, checksum: ff2f55715bc6f6bf57f0a78b24d26f53 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4211 bytes, checksum: e010bad9b5a8a4224cf8f2c0476c96fb (MD5) PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4557 bytes, checksum: 63fed2bc2f6337290a1672848c479b44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-05","Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 103458 Lift date: 2019-09-29T17:48:06Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 103458 Lift date: 2020-03-02T19:56:41Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 103458 Lift date: 2020-03-02T19:59:52Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 103458 Lift date: 2020-03-02T20:02:46Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 103458 on 2020-03-03T10:15:22Z."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98197"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2017 Elizabeth Hubbard"],"dc:subject":["Multiple sclerosis","High-intensity interval training","Exercise"],"dc:title":["The acute effects of high-intensity interval and continuous aerobic exercise on physiological and functional outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:35Z"}