{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/97708"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/97708","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The effects of working memory and directionality on sentence build-up drill performance","abstract":"This study investigated the role of working memory (WM) and input direction in the use of sentence build-up drills (SBD). Thirty Chinese L2 speakers participated in the experiment, which consisted of a SBD test, a R-span test, and a language background questionnaire. The results indicate that the backward input direction has several advantages over the forward direction. First, the backward direction elicited repetitions with fewer total and whole-sentence errors. Second, it also extended the tipping point, which was defined as the serial position of the word at which participants started making their first errors. Finally, there was an interaction effect between WM and input direction, indicating that participants with different WM levels performed equally well in the backward direction, whereas the low-WM group made significantly more errors in the forward direction, compared to their high-WM counterparts. Based upon these results, we argue that the backward build-up is more effective, and that it constitutes a better way to conduct sentence build-up repetition drills in the classroom.","abstract_html":"This study investigated the role of working memory (WM) and input direction in the use of sentence build-up drills (SBD). Thirty Chinese L2 speakers participated in the experiment, which consisted of a SBD test, a R-span test, and a language background questionnaire. The results indicate that the backward input direction has several advantages over the forward direction. First, the backward direction elicited repetitions with fewer total and whole-sentence errors. Second, it also extended the tipping point, which was defined as the serial position of the word at which participants started making their first errors. Finally, there was an interaction effect between WM and input direction, indicating that participants with different WM levels performed equally well in the backward direction, whereas the low-WM group made significantly more errors in the forward direction, compared to their high-WM counterparts. Based upon these results, we argue that the backward build-up is more effective, and that it constitutes a better way to conduct sentence build-up repetition drills in the classroom.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Li, You"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.A.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"E Asian Languages & Cultures","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Packard, Jerome"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-08-10T20:32:56Z","date_published":"2017-08-10T20:32:56Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:34Z","subjects":["Sentence build-up drill","Working memory","Second language acquisition (SLA)"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2017 You Li"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97708","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Packard, Jerome"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Li, You"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2017-08-10T20:32:56Z","2019-08-11T09:15:28Z","2017-04-19","2017-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["E Asian Languages & Cultures"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.A."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Sentence build-up drill","Working memory","Second language acquisition (SLA)"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2017 You Li"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97708"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This study investigated the role of working memory (WM) and input direction in the use of sentence build-up drills (SBD). Thirty Chinese L2 speakers participated in the experiment, which consisted of a SBD test, a R-span test, and a language background questionnaire. The results indicate that the backward input direction has several advantages over the forward direction. First, the backward direction elicited repetitions with fewer total and whole-sentence errors. Second, it also extended the tipping point, which was defined as the serial position of the word at which participants started making their first errors. Finally, there was an interaction effect between WM and input direction, indicating that participants with different WM levels performed equally well in the backward direction, whereas the low-WM group made significantly more errors in the forward direction, compared to their high-WM counterparts. Based upon these results, we argue that the backward build-up is more effective, and that it constitutes a better way to conduct sentence build-up repetition drills in the classroom.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-05-01","The student, You Li, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-15 at 06:25.","The student, You Li, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-04-15 at 06:42.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-04-19 at 11:21.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10775 on 2017-08-10 at 15:05:38","Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T20:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LI-THESIS-2017.pdf: 825728 bytes, checksum: 4bc63da0d94bd24a9f107c66f99698a9 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4203 bytes, checksum: 153bf3c7b8804bb653038c5d26719d04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-19","Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 102761 Lift date: 2019-08-10T21:27:21Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 102761 on 2019-08-11T09:15:28Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The effects of working memory and directionality on sentence build-up drill performance"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Packard, Jerome"],"dc:creator":["Li, You"],"dc:date":["2017-08-10T20:32:56Z","2019-08-11T09:15:28Z","2017-04-19","2017-05"],"dc:description":["This study investigated the role of working memory (WM) and input direction in the use of sentence build-up drills (SBD). Thirty Chinese L2 speakers participated in the experiment, which consisted of a SBD test, a R-span test, and a language background questionnaire. The results indicate that the backward input direction has several advantages over the forward direction. First, the backward direction elicited repetitions with fewer total and whole-sentence errors. Second, it also extended the tipping point, which was defined as the serial position of the word at which participants started making their first errors. Finally, there was an interaction effect between WM and input direction, indicating that participants with different WM levels performed equally well in the backward direction, whereas the low-WM group made significantly more errors in the forward direction, compared to their high-WM counterparts. Based upon these results, we argue that the backward build-up is more effective, and that it constitutes a better way to conduct sentence build-up repetition drills in the classroom.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-05-01","The student, You Li, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-15 at 06:25.","The student, You Li, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-04-15 at 06:42.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-04-19 at 11:21.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10775 on 2017-08-10 at 15:05:38","Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T20:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LI-THESIS-2017.pdf: 825728 bytes, checksum: 4bc63da0d94bd24a9f107c66f99698a9 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4203 bytes, checksum: 153bf3c7b8804bb653038c5d26719d04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-19","Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 102761 Lift date: 2019-08-10T21:27:21Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 102761 on 2019-08-11T09:15:28Z."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97708"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2017 You Li"],"dc:subject":["Sentence build-up drill","Working memory","Second language acquisition (SLA)"],"dc:title":["The effects of working memory and directionality on sentence build-up drill performance"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["E Asian Languages & Cultures"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.A."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:34Z"}