{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/97498"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/97498","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Gendered expectations for gendered companies: the effect of the grammatical gender of company names on the stock price momentum of Latin American and Spanish stocks","abstract":"In this archival study we used real historical stock prices to examine the hypothesis that grammatical gender assignments of a company’s name passes gender stereotypes onto the company itself, and consequently changes investors’ expectation of the stock performance. We gathered historical stock price data from Spanish speaking countries, and compared average momentum (the expectation that the current price trend will continue. i.e. what went up will keep going up, and what went down will keep going down) among the companies with masculine names, feminine names, and gender ambiguous/neutral names. We calculated momentum utilizing different lengths of observation and holding time, as well as different calculation frequencies (by days and by months) to test for robustness of the result. Across different strategies, masculine-named companies consistently display higher momentum than feminine-named companies. Moreover, disaggregating the momentum into momentums during upward trends (momentumbuy) and downward trends (momentumshort) indicates that the observed momentum return results mostly from buying past rising stocks, rather than shorting past falling stocks. Gender differences are not evident in momentumshort. Implications for the effect of grammatical gender in high-stakes situations, and future directions are discussed.","abstract_html":"In this archival study we used real historical stock prices to examine the hypothesis that grammatical gender assignments of a company’s name passes gender stereotypes onto the company itself, and consequently changes investors’ expectation of the stock performance. We gathered historical stock price data from Spanish speaking countries, and compared average momentum (the expectation that the current price trend will continue. i.e. what went up will keep going up, and what went down will keep going down) among the companies with masculine names, feminine names, and gender ambiguous/neutral names. We calculated momentum utilizing different lengths of observation and holding time, as well as different calculation frequencies (by days and by months) to test for robustness of the result. Across different strategies, masculine-named companies consistently display higher momentum than feminine-named companies. Moreover, disaggregating the momentum into momentums during upward trends (momentumbuy) and downward trends (momentumshort) indicates that the observed momentum return results mostly from buying past rising stocks, rather than shorting past falling stocks. Gender differences are not evident in momentumshort. Implications for the effect of grammatical gender in high-stakes situations, and future directions are discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Liu, Xi"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.A.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Cohen, Dov","Cheng, Joey"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-08-10T19:16:16Z","date_published":"2017-08-10T19:16:16Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:34Z","subjects":["Gender stereotype","Language"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2017 Xi Liu"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97498","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Cohen, Dov","Cheng, Joey"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Liu, Xi"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2017-08-10T19:16:16Z","2017-04-26","2017-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.A."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Gender stereotype","Language"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2017 Xi Liu"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97498"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["In this archival study we used real historical stock prices to examine the hypothesis that grammatical gender assignments of a company’s name passes gender stereotypes onto the company itself, and consequently changes investors’ expectation of the stock performance. We gathered historical stock price data from Spanish speaking countries, and compared average momentum (the expectation that the current price trend will continue. i.e. what went up will keep going up, and what went down will keep going down) among the companies with masculine names, feminine names, and gender ambiguous/neutral names. We calculated momentum utilizing different lengths of observation and holding time, as well as different calculation frequencies (by days and by months) to test for robustness of the result. Across different strategies, masculine-named companies consistently display higher momentum than feminine-named companies. Moreover, disaggregating the momentum into momentums during upward trends (momentumbuy) and downward trends (momentumshort) indicates that the observed momentum return results mostly from buying past rising stocks, rather than shorting past falling stocks. Gender differences are not evident in momentumshort. Implications for the effect of grammatical gender in high-stakes situations, and future directions are discussed.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-08-10 without embargo terms","The student, Xi Liu, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-26 at 15:31.","The student, Xi Liu, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-04-26 at 15:40.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-04-26 at 18:21.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11097 on 2017-08-10 at 13:46:43","Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T19:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LIU-THESIS-2017.pdf: 304853 bytes, checksum: c71edb162af84d1018437ee49d94eb4a (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4203 bytes, checksum: aeb4343692aaa43691f5382c6ebffde0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-26"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Gendered expectations for gendered companies: the effect of the grammatical gender of company names on the stock price momentum of Latin American and Spanish stocks"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Cohen, Dov","Cheng, Joey"],"dc:creator":["Liu, Xi"],"dc:date":["2017-08-10T19:16:16Z","2017-04-26","2017-05"],"dc:description":["In this archival study we used real historical stock prices to examine the hypothesis that grammatical gender assignments of a company’s name passes gender stereotypes onto the company itself, and consequently changes investors’ expectation of the stock performance. We gathered historical stock price data from Spanish speaking countries, and compared average momentum (the expectation that the current price trend will continue. i.e. what went up will keep going up, and what went down will keep going down) among the companies with masculine names, feminine names, and gender ambiguous/neutral names. We calculated momentum utilizing different lengths of observation and holding time, as well as different calculation frequencies (by days and by months) to test for robustness of the result. Across different strategies, masculine-named companies consistently display higher momentum than feminine-named companies. Moreover, disaggregating the momentum into momentums during upward trends (momentumbuy) and downward trends (momentumshort) indicates that the observed momentum return results mostly from buying past rising stocks, rather than shorting past falling stocks. Gender differences are not evident in momentumshort. Implications for the effect of grammatical gender in high-stakes situations, and future directions are discussed.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-08-10 without embargo terms","The student, Xi Liu, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-26 at 15:31.","The student, Xi Liu, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-04-26 at 15:40.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-04-26 at 18:21.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11097 on 2017-08-10 at 13:46:43","Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T19:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LIU-THESIS-2017.pdf: 304853 bytes, checksum: c71edb162af84d1018437ee49d94eb4a (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4203 bytes, checksum: aeb4343692aaa43691f5382c6ebffde0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-26"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97498"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2017 Xi Liu"],"dc:subject":["Gender stereotype","Language"],"dc:title":["Gendered expectations for gendered companies: the effect of the grammatical gender of company names on the stock price momentum of Latin American and Spanish stocks"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.A."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:34Z"}