{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/92860"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/92860","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Quantification of multiple waterborne pathogens in drinking water, drainage channels, and surface waters in Kampala, Uganda over seven months of seasonal variation","abstract":"Longitudinal water quality monitoring is important for understanding seasonal variations in water quality, waterborne disease transmission, and future implications for climate change and public health. In this study, microfluidic quantitative PCR (MFQPCR) was used to assess the presence of human enteric pathogens in protected springs, a public tap, drainage channels, and surface water in Kampala, Uganda from November 2014 to May 2015. Because waterborne disease incidence in Uganda has been shown to increase during the wet seasons, we assessed the differences in relative abundance of multiple waterborne pathogens during the wet and dry seasons. All water sources tested contained multiple pathogens, with drainage channels and surface waters containing higher abundance over protected springs and the public tap. Pathogens detected included Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Enterovirus. Drainage channels were found to be significantly more contaminated during the wet season compared to the dry season, whereas drinking water sources contained little to no seasonal variation. These results suggest that individual water source types respond uniquely to seasonal variability, and that human interaction with contaminated water sources, rather than direct ingestion, is a major contributor to waterborne disease transmission. These findings direct public health and climate change adaptation efforts towards sanitation, solid waste management, and education about water and food safety.","abstract_html":"Longitudinal water quality monitoring is important for understanding seasonal variations in water quality, waterborne disease transmission, and future implications for climate change and public health. In this study, microfluidic quantitative PCR (MFQPCR) was used to assess the presence of human enteric pathogens in protected springs, a public tap, drainage channels, and surface water in Kampala, Uganda from November 2014 to May 2015. Because waterborne disease incidence in Uganda has been shown to increase during the wet seasons, we assessed the differences in relative abundance of multiple waterborne pathogens during the wet and dry seasons. All water sources tested contained multiple pathogens, with drainage channels and surface waters containing higher abundance over protected springs and the public tap. Pathogens detected included Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Enterovirus. Drainage channels were found to be significantly more contaminated during the wet season compared to the dry season, whereas drinking water sources contained little to no seasonal variation. These results suggest that individual water source types respond uniquely to seasonal variability, and that human interaction with contaminated water sources, rather than direct ingestion, is a major contributor to waterborne disease transmission. These findings direct public health and climate change adaptation efforts towards sanitation, solid waste management, and education about water and food safety.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sadik, Nora Jeanine"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Environ Engr in Civil Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Nguyen, Thanh Helen"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-11-10T17:55:16Z","date_published":"2016-11-10T17:55:16Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:35Z","subjects":["waterborne pathogens","Uganda","Microfluidic qpcr","Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR)"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2016 Nora Sadik"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92860","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Nguyen, Thanh Helen"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sadik, Nora Jeanine"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2016-11-10T17:55:16Z","2016-07-21","2016-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environ Engr in Civil Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["waterborne pathogens","Uganda","Microfluidic qpcr","Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR)"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2016 Nora Sadik"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92860"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Longitudinal water quality monitoring is important for understanding seasonal variations in water quality, waterborne disease transmission, and future implications for climate change and public health. In this study, microfluidic quantitative PCR (MFQPCR) was used to assess the presence of human enteric pathogens in protected springs, a public tap, drainage channels, and surface water in Kampala, Uganda from November 2014 to May 2015. Because waterborne disease incidence in Uganda has been shown to increase during the wet seasons, we assessed the differences in relative abundance of multiple waterborne pathogens during the wet and dry seasons. All water sources tested contained multiple pathogens, with drainage channels and surface waters containing higher abundance over protected springs and the public tap. Pathogens detected included Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Enterovirus. Drainage channels were found to be significantly more contaminated during the wet season compared to the dry season, whereas drinking water sources contained little to no seasonal variation. These results suggest that individual water source types respond uniquely to seasonal variability, and that human interaction with contaminated water sources, rather than direct ingestion, is a major contributor to waterborne disease transmission. These findings direct public health and climate change adaptation efforts towards sanitation, solid waste management, and education about water and food safety.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo terms","The student, Nora Sadik, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-20 at 19:43.","The student, Nora Sadik, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-20 at 19:49.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-21 at 13:39.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9977 on 2016-11-09 at 10:25:18","Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:55:16Z (GMT). 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In this study, microfluidic quantitative PCR (MFQPCR) was used to assess the presence of human enteric pathogens in protected springs, a public tap, drainage channels, and surface water in Kampala, Uganda from November 2014 to May 2015. Because waterborne disease incidence in Uganda has been shown to increase during the wet seasons, we assessed the differences in relative abundance of multiple waterborne pathogens during the wet and dry seasons. All water sources tested contained multiple pathogens, with drainage channels and surface waters containing higher abundance over protected springs and the public tap. Pathogens detected included Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Enterovirus. Drainage channels were found to be significantly more contaminated during the wet season compared to the dry season, whereas drinking water sources contained little to no seasonal variation. These results suggest that individual water source types respond uniquely to seasonal variability, and that human interaction with contaminated water sources, rather than direct ingestion, is a major contributor to waterborne disease transmission. These findings direct public health and climate change adaptation efforts towards sanitation, solid waste management, and education about water and food safety.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo terms","The student, Nora Sadik, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-20 at 19:43.","The student, Nora Sadik, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-20 at 19:49.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-21 at 13:39.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9977 on 2016-11-09 at 10:25:18","Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:55:16Z (GMT). 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