{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/92718"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/92718","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Circulating sex hormone levels in rats: a systematic analysis of the literature and perinatal BPA study","abstract":"In the study of reproductive toxicology, animal models play an important role in elucidating the mechanisms by which a toxicant exerts its deleterious effects, as well as serving as a translational system for comparison to human biology. The anatomy, physiology, and molecular mechanisms of the reproductive system of these models should first be well characterized within the species prior to making inter-species predictions on the toxicant's effects. Here we conducted a systematic analysis of the available literature to characterize within the rat model how three different, popular outbred strains (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, and Long-Evans) may each possess distinct levels of basal peripheral testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), or progesterone (P4) levels, according to rat sex and age. We found that estradiol and testosterone, but not progesterone, were different depending on rat strain, which could possibly point to inherent differences in the hormonal regulatory systems between strains, and also potential differences between strains in susceptibility to the detrimental effects of reproductive toxicants. As an extension of this analysis of the factors that influence sex hormones, we also examined the effect of the known endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol-A (BPA), at environmentally relevant ranges on the sex hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), T, E2, and P4 in perinatally exposed, infantile rats. We found no effect of BPA on sex hormone levels in these rats, which is in both concordance and opposition to other studies that have examined this developmental time point. The current contradictory nature of the literature regarding the effect of environmentally relevant dosages of BPA could benefit from an examination of the factors other than toxicant exposure leading to the different results.","abstract_html":"In the study of reproductive toxicology, animal models play an important role in elucidating the mechanisms by which a toxicant exerts its deleterious effects, as well as serving as a translational system for comparison to human biology. The anatomy, physiology, and molecular mechanisms of the reproductive system of these models should first be well characterized within the species prior to making inter-species predictions on the toxicant's effects. Here we conducted a systematic analysis of the available literature to characterize within the rat model how three different, popular outbred strains (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, and Long-Evans) may each possess distinct levels of basal peripheral testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), or progesterone (P4) levels, according to rat sex and age. We found that estradiol and testosterone, but not progesterone, were different depending on rat strain, which could possibly point to inherent differences in the hormonal regulatory systems between strains, and also potential differences between strains in susceptibility to the detrimental effects of reproductive toxicants. As an extension of this analysis of the factors that influence sex hormones, we also examined the effect of the known endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol-A (BPA), at environmentally relevant ranges on the sex hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), T, E2, and P4 in perinatally exposed, infantile rats. We found no effect of BPA on sex hormone levels in these rats, which is in both concordance and opposition to other studies that have examined this developmental time point. The current contradictory nature of the literature regarding the effect of environmentally relevant dosages of BPA could benefit from an examination of the factors other than toxicant exposure leading to the different results.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Meisner, Eleanor Frances"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"VMS - Comparative Biosciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lavergne, Sidonie N.","Flaws, Jodi A.","Mahoney, Megan"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-11-10T17:49:46Z","date_published":"2016-11-10T17:49:46Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:35Z","subjects":["comparative biology","animal models","rat models","rats","outbred strain","strain differences","genetic differences","Sprague-Dawley","Wistar","Long-Evans","reproductive toxicology","systematic analysis","literature review","basal levels","sex hormone","sex steroid","testosterone","estradiol","progesterone","bisphenol-a","BPA"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2016 Eleanor Meisner"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92718","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lavergne, Sidonie N.","Flaws, Jodi A.","Mahoney, Megan"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Meisner, Eleanor Frances"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2016-11-10T17:49:46Z","2016-06-22","2016-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["VMS - Comparative Biosciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["comparative biology","animal models","rat models","rats","outbred strain","strain differences","genetic differences","Sprague-Dawley","Wistar","Long-Evans","reproductive toxicology","systematic analysis","literature review","basal levels","sex hormone","sex steroid","testosterone","estradiol","progesterone","bisphenol-a","BPA"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2016 Eleanor Meisner"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92718"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["In the study of reproductive toxicology, animal models play an important role in elucidating the mechanisms by which a toxicant exerts its deleterious effects, as well as serving as a translational system for comparison to human biology. The anatomy, physiology, and molecular mechanisms of the reproductive system of these models should first be well characterized within the species prior to making inter-species predictions on the toxicant's effects. Here we conducted a systematic analysis of the available literature to characterize within the rat model how three different, popular outbred strains (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, and Long-Evans) may each possess distinct levels of basal peripheral testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), or progesterone (P4) levels, according to rat sex and age. We found that estradiol and testosterone, but not progesterone, were different depending on rat strain, which could possibly point to inherent differences in the hormonal regulatory systems between strains, and also potential differences between strains in susceptibility to the detrimental effects of reproductive toxicants. As an extension of this analysis of the factors that influence sex hormones, we also examined the effect of the known endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol-A (BPA), at environmentally relevant ranges on the sex hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), T, E2, and P4 in perinatally exposed, infantile rats. We found no effect of BPA on sex hormone levels in these rats, which is in both concordance and opposition to other studies that have examined this developmental time point. The current contradictory nature of the literature regarding the effect of environmentally relevant dosages of BPA could benefit from an examination of the factors other than toxicant exposure leading to the different results.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo terms","The student, Eleanor Meisner, accepted the attached license on 2016-06-19 at 09:43.","The student, Eleanor Meisner, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-06-19 at 09:53.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-06-22 at 11:03.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9679 on 2016-11-09 at 10:21:11","Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:49:46Z (GMT). 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The anatomy, physiology, and molecular mechanisms of the reproductive system of these models should first be well characterized within the species prior to making inter-species predictions on the toxicant's effects. Here we conducted a systematic analysis of the available literature to characterize within the rat model how three different, popular outbred strains (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, and Long-Evans) may each possess distinct levels of basal peripheral testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), or progesterone (P4) levels, according to rat sex and age. We found that estradiol and testosterone, but not progesterone, were different depending on rat strain, which could possibly point to inherent differences in the hormonal regulatory systems between strains, and also potential differences between strains in susceptibility to the detrimental effects of reproductive toxicants. As an extension of this analysis of the factors that influence sex hormones, we also examined the effect of the known endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol-A (BPA), at environmentally relevant ranges on the sex hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), T, E2, and P4 in perinatally exposed, infantile rats. We found no effect of BPA on sex hormone levels in these rats, which is in both concordance and opposition to other studies that have examined this developmental time point. The current contradictory nature of the literature regarding the effect of environmentally relevant dosages of BPA could benefit from an examination of the factors other than toxicant exposure leading to the different results.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo terms","The student, Eleanor Meisner, accepted the attached license on 2016-06-19 at 09:43.","The student, Eleanor Meisner, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-06-19 at 09:53.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-06-22 at 11:03.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9679 on 2016-11-09 at 10:21:11","Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:49:46Z (GMT). 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