{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/92666"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/92666","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Refining the span and rates of deposition of the Glenwood phase of Lake Chicago","abstract":"The Glenwood phase of proglacial Lake Chicago is its oldest phase, but is the least studied. By developing the and ideas previously published maps by Bretz in the 1930s and studies by Hansel, Mickelson, Thompson and others I will be redefining the span and role of the Glenwood Phase of proglacial Lake Chicago. This task will be completed by using LiDAR DEMs and by obtaining sediment cores proximal to Glenwood phase features and using age models created by AMS C-14 ages. Using this information, in addition to grain size analyses and clay mineral analyses, I will determine the span of the Glenwood phase of Glacial Lake Chicago and indirectly determine the timing of any large meltwater floods and the rate of downcutting of the Chicago Outlet during the transition from the Glenwood phase to its successive Calumet phase. 22 new radiocarbon ages of needles, charcoal and plant marcrofossils were obtained from cores sampled near Glenwood phase features that can still be easily identified. The age models created from the new ages indicate a disturbance in the record at about 15.1 ka. Presently, it is yet debated if the drop from the Glenwood to the Calumet level was due to gradual changes in hydrology or to rapid incision of the Chicago Outlet. If the sediment accumulation rate abruptly decreases simultaneously with the end of the Glenwood phase and subsequently the ~7meter drop from the Glenwood to the Calumet lake levels, that reflects sudden erosion of the Chicago Outlet. The produced age models do present evidence for an abrupt incision near the end of the Glenwood, but a more in depth look at LiDAR evidence proves the Glenwood/Calumet transition to be a bit more complex. A revised history of the Glenwood Phase of Glacial Lake Chicago will help resolve issues of the nature of downstream contributions of Glacial Lake Chicago to the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, and Gulf of Mexico as well as upstream contributions from the Laurentide Ice Sheet into Glacial Lake Chicago.","abstract_html":"The Glenwood phase of proglacial Lake Chicago is its oldest phase, but is the least studied. By developing the and ideas previously published maps by Bretz in the 1930s and studies by Hansel, Mickelson, Thompson and others I will be redefining the span and role of the Glenwood Phase of proglacial Lake Chicago. This task will be completed by using LiDAR DEMs and by obtaining sediment cores proximal to Glenwood phase features and using age models created by AMS C-14 ages. Using this information, in addition to grain size analyses and clay mineral analyses, I will determine the span of the Glenwood phase of Glacial Lake Chicago and indirectly determine the timing of any large meltwater floods and the rate of downcutting of the Chicago Outlet during the transition from the Glenwood phase to its successive Calumet phase. 22 new radiocarbon ages of needles, charcoal and plant marcrofossils were obtained from cores sampled near Glenwood phase features that can still be easily identified. The age models created from the new ages indicate a disturbance in the record at about 15.1 ka. Presently, it is yet debated if the drop from the Glenwood to the Calumet level was due to gradual changes in hydrology or to rapid incision of the Chicago Outlet. If the sediment accumulation rate abruptly decreases simultaneously with the end of the Glenwood phase and subsequently the ~7meter drop from the Glenwood to the Calumet lake levels, that reflects sudden erosion of the Chicago Outlet. The produced age models do present evidence for an abrupt incision near the end of the Glenwood, but a more in depth look at LiDAR evidence proves the Glenwood/Calumet transition to be a bit more complex. A revised history of the Glenwood Phase of Glacial Lake Chicago will help resolve issues of the nature of downstream contributions of Glacial Lake Chicago to the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, and Gulf of Mexico as well as upstream contributions from the Laurentide Ice Sheet into Glacial Lake Chicago.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bruegger, Alison Rae"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Geology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Conroy, Jessica","Curry, B. Brandon"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-11-10T17:49:11Z","date_published":"2016-11-10T17:49:11Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:35Z","subjects":["Lake Chicago","Glenwood","Illinois"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2016 Alison Bruegger"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92666","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Conroy, Jessica","Curry, B. Brandon"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bruegger, Alison Rae"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2016-11-10T17:49:11Z","2016-07-21","2016-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Geology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Lake Chicago","Glenwood","Illinois"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2016 Alison Bruegger"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92666"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The Glenwood phase of proglacial Lake Chicago is its oldest phase, but is the least studied. By developing the and ideas previously published maps by Bretz in the 1930s and studies by Hansel, Mickelson, Thompson and others I will be redefining the span and role of the Glenwood Phase of proglacial Lake Chicago. This task will be completed by using LiDAR DEMs and by obtaining sediment cores proximal to Glenwood phase features and using age models created by AMS C-14 ages. Using this information, in addition to grain size analyses and clay mineral analyses, I will determine the span of the Glenwood phase of Glacial Lake Chicago and indirectly determine the timing of any large meltwater floods and the rate of downcutting of the Chicago Outlet during the transition from the Glenwood phase to its successive Calumet phase. 22 new radiocarbon ages of needles, charcoal and plant marcrofossils were obtained from cores sampled near Glenwood phase features that can still be easily identified. The age models created from the new ages indicate a disturbance in the record at about 15.1 ka. Presently, it is yet debated if the drop from the Glenwood to the Calumet level was due to gradual changes in hydrology or to rapid incision of the Chicago Outlet. If the sediment accumulation rate abruptly decreases simultaneously with the end of the Glenwood phase and subsequently the ~7meter drop from the Glenwood to the Calumet lake levels, that reflects sudden erosion of the Chicago Outlet. The produced age models do present evidence for an abrupt incision near the end of the Glenwood, but a more in depth look at LiDAR evidence proves the Glenwood/Calumet transition to be a bit more complex. A revised history of the Glenwood Phase of Glacial Lake Chicago will help resolve issues of the nature of downstream contributions of Glacial Lake Chicago to the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, and Gulf of Mexico as well as upstream contributions from the Laurentide Ice Sheet into Glacial Lake Chicago.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo terms","The student, Alison Bruegger, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-20 at 14:14.","The student, Alison Bruegger, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-20 at 14:41.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-21 at 09:00.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10038 on 2016-11-09 at 10:25:57","Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 BRUEGGER-THESIS-2016.pdf: 3765958 bytes, checksum: 3cec5f6d53503fa9b317b678167fe445 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4212 bytes, checksum: 79f4ed5ee5d878f88a07f5b3e9f8d7d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-21"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Refining the span and rates of deposition of the Glenwood phase of Lake Chicago"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Conroy, Jessica","Curry, B. Brandon"],"dc:creator":["Bruegger, Alison Rae"],"dc:date":["2016-11-10T17:49:11Z","2016-07-21","2016-08"],"dc:description":["The Glenwood phase of proglacial Lake Chicago is its oldest phase, but is the least studied. By developing the and ideas previously published maps by Bretz in the 1930s and studies by Hansel, Mickelson, Thompson and others I will be redefining the span and role of the Glenwood Phase of proglacial Lake Chicago. This task will be completed by using LiDAR DEMs and by obtaining sediment cores proximal to Glenwood phase features and using age models created by AMS C-14 ages. Using this information, in addition to grain size analyses and clay mineral analyses, I will determine the span of the Glenwood phase of Glacial Lake Chicago and indirectly determine the timing of any large meltwater floods and the rate of downcutting of the Chicago Outlet during the transition from the Glenwood phase to its successive Calumet phase. 22 new radiocarbon ages of needles, charcoal and plant marcrofossils were obtained from cores sampled near Glenwood phase features that can still be easily identified. The age models created from the new ages indicate a disturbance in the record at about 15.1 ka. Presently, it is yet debated if the drop from the Glenwood to the Calumet level was due to gradual changes in hydrology or to rapid incision of the Chicago Outlet. If the sediment accumulation rate abruptly decreases simultaneously with the end of the Glenwood phase and subsequently the ~7meter drop from the Glenwood to the Calumet lake levels, that reflects sudden erosion of the Chicago Outlet. The produced age models do present evidence for an abrupt incision near the end of the Glenwood, but a more in depth look at LiDAR evidence proves the Glenwood/Calumet transition to be a bit more complex. A revised history of the Glenwood Phase of Glacial Lake Chicago will help resolve issues of the nature of downstream contributions of Glacial Lake Chicago to the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, and Gulf of Mexico as well as upstream contributions from the Laurentide Ice Sheet into Glacial Lake Chicago.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo terms","The student, Alison Bruegger, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-20 at 14:14.","The student, Alison Bruegger, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-20 at 14:41.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-21 at 09:00.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10038 on 2016-11-09 at 10:25:57","Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 BRUEGGER-THESIS-2016.pdf: 3765958 bytes, checksum: 3cec5f6d53503fa9b317b678167fe445 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4212 bytes, checksum: 79f4ed5ee5d878f88a07f5b3e9f8d7d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-21"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92666"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2016 Alison Bruegger"],"dc:subject":["Lake Chicago","Glenwood","Illinois"],"dc:title":["Refining the span and rates of deposition of the Glenwood phase of Lake Chicago"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Geology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:35Z"}