{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/92665"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/92665","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Extracting phycocyanin from spirulina and hydrothermal liquefaction of its residues to produce bio-crude oil","abstract":"Microalgae is a promising biofuel source with high photosynthetic efficiency, and it often contains high-value substances for nutritional, pharmaceutical and medical applications. In order to improve the economic viability of the spirulina utilization, this study investigated a cost competitive biotechnological process for C-phycocyanin (C-PC) extraction from spirulina platensis. The residual biomass after C-PC extraction was converted into bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The HTL bio-crude oil obtained from the original spirulina feedstock and the residual after the C-PC extraction were compared. A rapid and efficient process for extraction and purification of food-level C-PC from spirulina platensis was developed in this study. The process conditions include: 1) freeze the spirulina 3 hours to extract the crude protein; 2) add 80 g/L (w/v) activated carbon to the crude extract; 3) use a vacuum filter with a 0.22 μm pore size membrane to collect the extract; and 4) freeze dry the extract to get the C-PC powder. The yield of the C-PC production is 27% and the cost (exclude labor) for entire process is $26.1/kg. After C-PC extraction, there is still 63% dry biomass left which was used for conversion into bio-crude oil via HTL. The HTL bio-oil products distribution as well as their composition, reaction pathways and energy recovery via HTL were investigated. HTL was conducted at temperatures range from 260˚C to 300˚C at 0.7 MPa N2 initial pressures. The highest bio-crude oil yield of 38 % (based on dry volatile matter) was obtained at 300˚C. The highest higher heating value is 37.1 MJ/kg occurred at 300°C reaction temperature. Elemental analysis revealed that the decarboxylation and denitrification may be dominant from 260˚C to 300°C following repolymerization governing at higher temperature; TG analysis showed that approximately 75.4 % distilled bio-crude products were in the range of 200-550°C. These distillates can be further upgraded for transportation fuels.","abstract_html":"Microalgae is a promising biofuel source with high photosynthetic efficiency, and it often contains high-value substances for nutritional, pharmaceutical and medical applications. In order to improve the economic viability of the spirulina utilization, this study investigated a cost competitive biotechnological process for C-phycocyanin (C-PC) extraction from spirulina platensis. The residual biomass after C-PC extraction was converted into bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The HTL bio-crude oil obtained from the original spirulina feedstock and the residual after the C-PC extraction were compared. A rapid and efficient process for extraction and purification of food-level C-PC from spirulina platensis was developed in this study. The process conditions include: 1) freeze the spirulina 3 hours to extract the crude protein; 2) add 80 g/L (w/v) activated carbon to the crude extract; 3) use a vacuum filter with a 0.22 μm pore size membrane to collect the extract; and 4) freeze dry the extract to get the C-PC powder. The yield of the C-PC production is 27% and the cost (exclude labor) for entire process is $26.1/kg. After C-PC extraction, there is still 63% dry biomass left which was used for conversion into bio-crude oil via HTL. The HTL bio-oil products distribution as well as their composition, reaction pathways and energy recovery via HTL were investigated. HTL was conducted at temperatures range from 260˚C to 300˚C at 0.7 MPa N2 initial pressures. The highest bio-crude oil yield of 38 % (based on dry volatile matter) was obtained at 300˚C. The highest higher heating value is 37.1 MJ/kg occurred at 300°C reaction temperature. Elemental analysis revealed that the decarboxylation and denitrification may be dominant from 260˚C to 300°C following repolymerization governing at higher temperature; TG analysis showed that approximately 75.4 % distilled bio-crude products were in the range of 200-550°C. These distillates can be further upgraded for transportation fuels.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Guan, Shaochen"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Agricultural & Biological Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Zhang, Yuanhui","Schideman, Lance Charles","Martins, Marcio Arêdes"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-11-10T17:49:11Z","date_published":"2016-11-10T17:49:11Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:35Z","subjects":["Extraction","Purification","Spirulina","Phycocyanin","Bio-crude oil","Hydrothermal liquefaction"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2016 Shaochen Guan"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92665","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Zhang, Yuanhui","Schideman, Lance Charles","Martins, Marcio Arêdes"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Guan, Shaochen"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2016-11-10T17:49:11Z","2016-07-21","2016-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Agricultural & Biological Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Extraction","Purification","Spirulina","Phycocyanin","Bio-crude oil","Hydrothermal liquefaction"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2016 Shaochen Guan"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92665"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Microalgae is a promising biofuel source with high photosynthetic efficiency, and it often contains high-value substances for nutritional, pharmaceutical and medical applications. In order to improve the economic viability of the spirulina utilization, this study investigated a cost competitive biotechnological process for C-phycocyanin (C-PC) extraction from spirulina platensis. The residual biomass after C-PC extraction was converted into bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The HTL bio-crude oil obtained from the original spirulina feedstock and the residual after the C-PC extraction were compared. A rapid and efficient process for extraction and purification of food-level C-PC from spirulina platensis was developed in this study. The process conditions include: 1) freeze the spirulina 3 hours to extract the crude protein; 2) add 80 g/L (w/v) activated carbon to the crude extract; 3) use a vacuum filter with a 0.22 μm pore size membrane to collect the extract; and 4) freeze dry the extract to get the C-PC powder. The yield of the C-PC production is 27% and the cost (exclude labor) for entire process is $26.1/kg. After C-PC extraction, there is still 63% dry biomass left which was used for conversion into bio-crude oil via HTL. The HTL bio-oil products distribution as well as their composition, reaction pathways and energy recovery via HTL were investigated. HTL was conducted at temperatures range from 260˚C to 300˚C at 0.7 MPa N2 initial pressures. The highest bio-crude oil yield of 38 % (based on dry volatile matter) was obtained at 300˚C. The highest higher heating value is 37.1 MJ/kg occurred at 300°C reaction temperature. Elemental analysis revealed that the decarboxylation and denitrification may be dominant from 260˚C to 300°C following repolymerization governing at higher temperature; TG analysis showed that approximately 75.4 % distilled bio-crude products were in the range of 200-550°C. These distillates can be further upgraded for transportation fuels.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo terms","The student, Shaochen Guan, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-20 at 11:49.","The student, Shaochen Guan, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-20 at 12:01.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-21 at 09:03.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10036 on 2016-11-09 at 10:25:56","Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:49:11Z (GMT). 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In order to improve the economic viability of the spirulina utilization, this study investigated a cost competitive biotechnological process for C-phycocyanin (C-PC) extraction from spirulina platensis. The residual biomass after C-PC extraction was converted into bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The HTL bio-crude oil obtained from the original spirulina feedstock and the residual after the C-PC extraction were compared. A rapid and efficient process for extraction and purification of food-level C-PC from spirulina platensis was developed in this study. The process conditions include: 1) freeze the spirulina 3 hours to extract the crude protein; 2) add 80 g/L (w/v) activated carbon to the crude extract; 3) use a vacuum filter with a 0.22 μm pore size membrane to collect the extract; and 4) freeze dry the extract to get the C-PC powder. The yield of the C-PC production is 27% and the cost (exclude labor) for entire process is $26.1/kg. After C-PC extraction, there is still 63% dry biomass left which was used for conversion into bio-crude oil via HTL. The HTL bio-oil products distribution as well as their composition, reaction pathways and energy recovery via HTL were investigated. HTL was conducted at temperatures range from 260˚C to 300˚C at 0.7 MPa N2 initial pressures. The highest bio-crude oil yield of 38 % (based on dry volatile matter) was obtained at 300˚C. The highest higher heating value is 37.1 MJ/kg occurred at 300°C reaction temperature. Elemental analysis revealed that the decarboxylation and denitrification may be dominant from 260˚C to 300°C following repolymerization governing at higher temperature; TG analysis showed that approximately 75.4 % distilled bio-crude products were in the range of 200-550°C. These distillates can be further upgraded for transportation fuels.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo terms","The student, Shaochen Guan, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-20 at 11:49.","The student, Shaochen Guan, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-20 at 12:01.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-21 at 09:03.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10036 on 2016-11-09 at 10:25:56","Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 GUAN-THESIS-2016.pdf: 3090110 bytes, checksum: 6f36d77e92c3136ec841b4d7df130bae (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: 97773293cc5fccbaa2ea196cb11bc13d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-21"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92665"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2016 Shaochen Guan"],"dc:subject":["Extraction","Purification","Spirulina","Phycocyanin","Bio-crude oil","Hydrothermal liquefaction"],"dc:title":["Extracting phycocyanin from spirulina and hydrothermal liquefaction of its residues to produce bio-crude oil"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Agricultural & Biological Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:35Z"}