{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/89232"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/89232","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Effects of different water sources on MS2 and porcine rotavirus reduction in biosand filters","abstract":"Diarrheal diseases caused by pathogens remain a significant cause of death in developing areas, especially for children under the age of five. Biosand filters (BSFs) are a promising technology implemented worldwide that can effectively reduce levels of bacteria and bacteriophages. However, the efficacy of enteric virus reduction in BSFs has not be studied. Furthermore, how the water chemistry of the source water used in BSFs effects virus reduction is not clearly understood. In this study, three bench-scale BSFs were fed daily with groundwater or a cation-free buffered solution to determine MS2 and porcine rotavirus reduction as a function of filter depth, residence time, media ripening, and water source. An integrated cell culture and RT-qPCR assay was developed to quantify rotavirus reduction in water samples collected from the filters. Rotavirus reduction experiments performed in Newmark groundwater reached a cumulative average of 5-log10 (99.999%) reduction after 31 days, exceeding U.S. EPA and World Health Organization standards. Experiments with 1 mM NaHCO3 spiked with MS2 averaged 1.2-log10 reduction after 42 days, and there was not an increasing trend of reduction as a function of depth. Finally, MS2 experiments performed in groundwater reached a cumulative average of 5.36-log10 reduction after 684 days, but reduction did not increase as a function of depth as shown in a previous study. Overall conclusions include that 1) at the same filter age and using the same water source, rotavirus reduction was higher than what was previously seen with MS2, indicating that MS2 is a conservative surrogate for rotavirus, 2) MS2 was reduced to different extents in different water sources, demonstrating that water chemistry, particularly divalent cation concentrations, plays a role on MS2 reduction, and 3) residence time is crucial for increasing virus reduction in all experiments. This is also the first study to determine the efficiency of rotavirus reduction in BSFs, which is an essential first step in understanding the extent to which BSFs can reduce human enteric viruses, and hence decrease diarrheal disease incidences.","abstract_html":"Diarrheal diseases caused by pathogens remain a significant cause of death in developing areas, especially for children under the age of five. Biosand filters (BSFs) are a promising technology implemented worldwide that can effectively reduce levels of bacteria and bacteriophages. However, the efficacy of enteric virus reduction in BSFs has not be studied. Furthermore, how the water chemistry of the source water used in BSFs effects virus reduction is not clearly understood. In this study, three bench-scale BSFs were fed daily with groundwater or a cation-free buffered solution to determine MS2 and porcine rotavirus reduction as a function of filter depth, residence time, media ripening, and water source. An integrated cell culture and RT-qPCR assay was developed to quantify rotavirus reduction in water samples collected from the filters. Rotavirus reduction experiments performed in Newmark groundwater reached a cumulative average of 5-log10 (99.999%) reduction after 31 days, exceeding U.S. EPA and World Health Organization standards. Experiments with 1 mM NaHCO3 spiked with MS2 averaged 1.2-log10 reduction after 42 days, and there was not an increasing trend of reduction as a function of depth. Finally, MS2 experiments performed in groundwater reached a cumulative average of 5.36-log10 reduction after 684 days, but reduction did not increase as a function of depth as shown in a previous study. Overall conclusions include that 1) at the same filter age and using the same water source, rotavirus reduction was higher than what was previously seen with MS2, indicating that MS2 is a conservative surrogate for rotavirus, 2) MS2 was reduced to different extents in different water sources, demonstrating that water chemistry, particularly divalent cation concentrations, plays a role on MS2 reduction, and 3) residence time is crucial for increasing virus reduction in all experiments. This is also the first study to determine the efficiency of rotavirus reduction in BSFs, which is an essential first step in understanding the extent to which BSFs can reduce human enteric viruses, and hence decrease diarrheal disease incidences.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wang, Hanting"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Environmental Engineering in Civil Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Nguyen, Thanh H.","Liu, Wen-Tso"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-03-02T21:07:01Z","date_published":"2016-03-02T21:07:01Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:32Z","subjects":["biosand filters","MS2 and rotavirus reduction","divalent cations","long term usage"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2015 Hanting Wang"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89232","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Nguyen, Thanh H.","Liu, Wen-Tso"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wang, Hanting"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2016-03-02T21:07:01Z","2018-03-03T10:15:25Z","2015-12-09","2015-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environmental Engineering in Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["biosand filters","MS2 and rotavirus reduction","divalent cations","long term usage"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2015 Hanting Wang"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89232"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Diarrheal diseases caused by pathogens remain a significant cause of death in developing areas, especially for children under the age of five. Biosand filters (BSFs) are a promising technology implemented worldwide that can effectively reduce levels of bacteria and bacteriophages. However, the efficacy of enteric virus reduction in BSFs has not be studied. Furthermore, how the water chemistry of the source water used in BSFs effects virus reduction is not clearly understood. In this study, three bench-scale BSFs were fed daily with groundwater or a cation-free buffered solution to determine MS2 and porcine rotavirus reduction as a function of filter depth, residence time, media ripening, and water source. An integrated cell culture and RT-qPCR assay was developed to quantify rotavirus reduction in water samples collected from the filters. Rotavirus reduction experiments performed in Newmark groundwater reached a cumulative average of 5-log10 (99.999%) reduction after 31 days, exceeding U.S. EPA and World Health Organization standards. Experiments with 1 mM NaHCO3 spiked with MS2 averaged 1.2-log10 reduction after 42 days, and there was not an increasing trend of reduction as a function of depth. Finally, MS2 experiments performed in groundwater reached a cumulative average of 5.36-log10 reduction after 684 days, but reduction did not increase as a function of depth as shown in a previous study. Overall conclusions include that 1) at the same filter age and using the same water source, rotavirus reduction was higher than what was previously seen with MS2, indicating that MS2 is a conservative surrogate for rotavirus, 2) MS2 was reduced to different extents in different water sources, demonstrating that water chemistry, particularly divalent cation concentrations, plays a role on MS2 reduction, and 3) residence time is crucial for increasing virus reduction in all experiments. This is also the first study to determine the efficiency of rotavirus reduction in BSFs, which is an essential first step in understanding the extent to which BSFs can reduce human enteric viruses, and hence decrease diarrheal disease incidences.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2017-12-01","The student, Hanting Wang, accepted the attached license on 2015-12-07 at 13:14.","The student, Hanting Wang, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-12-07 at 13:29.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-12-09 at 17:06.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8951 on 2016-03-02 at 14:13:58","Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T21:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf: 369654 bytes, checksum: 4d8433ebac991ae7488309db0f3e2408 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4209 bytes, checksum: 38f623e10b00b25de7a1101564c88c4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 91435 Lift date: 2018-03-02T21:07:27Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 91435 on 2018-03-03T10:15:25Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of different water sources on MS2 and porcine rotavirus reduction in biosand filters"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Nguyen, Thanh H.","Liu, Wen-Tso"],"dc:creator":["Wang, Hanting"],"dc:date":["2016-03-02T21:07:01Z","2018-03-03T10:15:25Z","2015-12-09","2015-12"],"dc:description":["Diarrheal diseases caused by pathogens remain a significant cause of death in developing areas, especially for children under the age of five. Biosand filters (BSFs) are a promising technology implemented worldwide that can effectively reduce levels of bacteria and bacteriophages. However, the efficacy of enteric virus reduction in BSFs has not be studied. Furthermore, how the water chemistry of the source water used in BSFs effects virus reduction is not clearly understood. In this study, three bench-scale BSFs were fed daily with groundwater or a cation-free buffered solution to determine MS2 and porcine rotavirus reduction as a function of filter depth, residence time, media ripening, and water source. An integrated cell culture and RT-qPCR assay was developed to quantify rotavirus reduction in water samples collected from the filters. Rotavirus reduction experiments performed in Newmark groundwater reached a cumulative average of 5-log10 (99.999%) reduction after 31 days, exceeding U.S. EPA and World Health Organization standards. Experiments with 1 mM NaHCO3 spiked with MS2 averaged 1.2-log10 reduction after 42 days, and there was not an increasing trend of reduction as a function of depth. Finally, MS2 experiments performed in groundwater reached a cumulative average of 5.36-log10 reduction after 684 days, but reduction did not increase as a function of depth as shown in a previous study. Overall conclusions include that 1) at the same filter age and using the same water source, rotavirus reduction was higher than what was previously seen with MS2, indicating that MS2 is a conservative surrogate for rotavirus, 2) MS2 was reduced to different extents in different water sources, demonstrating that water chemistry, particularly divalent cation concentrations, plays a role on MS2 reduction, and 3) residence time is crucial for increasing virus reduction in all experiments. This is also the first study to determine the efficiency of rotavirus reduction in BSFs, which is an essential first step in understanding the extent to which BSFs can reduce human enteric viruses, and hence decrease diarrheal disease incidences.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2017-12-01","The student, Hanting Wang, accepted the attached license on 2015-12-07 at 13:14.","The student, Hanting Wang, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-12-07 at 13:29.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-12-09 at 17:06.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8951 on 2016-03-02 at 14:13:58","Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T21:07:01Z (GMT). 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